fél
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”). Cognates include Mansi and Finnish pelätä.[1][2]
Verb
fél
- (intransitive) to fear, to be afraid of something (-tól/-től)
- (transitive, archaic or literary) to fear something (-t/-ot/-at/-et/-öt)
- Nem félem a jövőt! ― I don't fear the future!
- 2017, Krisztián Grecsó, Harminc év napsütés, Budapest: Magvető, →ISBN, page 217:
- A fiatal felnőtt józan ember, érti a pénz hatalmát. Féli a lakbért, a rezsit, tudja, hogyha hosszúra nyúlik az éjszaka, gyötrelmes lesz a reggel, és azt is, hogy a munkanap nem egy metafora, hanem a nyelv leggyötrelmesebb valósága.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
conjugation of fél
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | félek | félsz | fél | félünk | féltek | félnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | féltem | féltél | félt | féltünk | féltetek | féltek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. félni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | félék | félél | féle | félénk | félétek | félének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fél vala, félt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | félendek | félendesz | félend | félendünk | félendetek | félendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | félnék | félnél | félne | félnénk | félnétek | félnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. félt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | féljek | félj or féljél |
féljen | féljünk | féljetek | féljenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. félt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | félni | félnem | félned | félnie | félnünk | félnetek | félniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
félés | félő | félt | ― | félve (félvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of fél
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | félhetek | félhetsz | félhet | félhetünk | félhettek | félhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | félhettem | félhettél | félhetett | félhettünk | félhettetek | félhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | félheték | félhetél | félhete | félheténk | félhetétek | félhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. félhet vala, félhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | félhetendek or félandhatok |
félhetendesz or félandhatsz |
félhetend or félandhat |
félhetendünk or félandhatunk |
félhetendetek or félandhattok |
félhetendenek or félandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | félhetnék | félhetnél | félhetne | félhetnénk | félhetnétek | félhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. félhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | félhessek | félhess or félhessél |
félhessen | félhessünk | félhessetek | félhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. félhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (félhetni) | (félhetnem) | (félhetned) | (félhetnie) | (félhetnünk) | (félhetnetek) | (félhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (félhetve / félhetvén) | ||||
With the archaic definite forms included:
conjugation of fél
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | félek | félsz | fél | félünk | féltek | félnek | |
Def. | félem | féled | féli | féljük | félitek | félik | |||
2nd-p. o. | féllek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | féltem | féltél | félt | féltünk | féltetek | féltek | ||
Def. | féltem | félted | félte | féltük | féltétek | félték | |||
2nd-p. o. | féltelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. félni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | félék | félél | féle | félénk | félétek | félének | ||
Def. | félém | féléd | félé | félénk | félétek | félék | |||
2nd-p. o. | félélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fél vala, félt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | félendek | félendesz | félend | félendünk | félendetek | félendenek | ||
Def. | félendem | félended | félendi | félendjük | félenditek | félendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | félendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | félnék | félnél | félne | félnénk | félnétek | félnének | |
Def. | félném | félnéd | félné | félnénk (or félnők) |
félnétek | félnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | félnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. félt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | féljek | félj or féljél |
féljen | féljünk | féljetek | féljenek | |
Def. | féljem | féld or féljed |
félje | féljük | féljétek | féljék | |||
2nd-p. o. | féljelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. félt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | félni | félnem | félned | félnie | félnünk | félnetek | félniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
félés | félő | félt | félendő | félve (félvén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of fél
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | félhetek | félhetsz | félhet | félhetünk | félhettek | félhetnek | |
Def. | félhetem | félheted | félheti | félhetjük | félhetitek | félhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | félhettem | félhettél | félhetett | félhettünk | félhettetek | félhettek | ||
Def. | félhettem | félhetted | félhette | félhettük | félhettétek | félhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | félheték | félhetél | félhete | félheténk | félhetétek | félhetének | ||
Def. | félhetém | félhetéd | félheté | félheténk | félhetétek | félheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. félhet vala, félhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | félhetendek or félandhatok |
félhetendesz or félandhatsz |
félhetend or félandhat |
félhetendünk or félandhatunk |
félhetendetek or félandhattok |
félhetendenek or félandhatnak | ||
Def. | félhetendem or félandhatom |
félhetended or félandhatod |
félhetendi or félandhatja |
félhetendjük or félandhatjuk |
félhetenditek or félandhatjátok |
félhetendik or félandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhetendelek or félandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | félhetnék | félhetnél | félhetne | félhetnénk | félhetnétek | félhetnének | |
Def. | félhetném | félhetnéd | félhetné | félhetnénk (or félhetnők) |
félhetnétek | félhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. félhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | félhessek | félhess or félhessél |
félhessen | félhessünk | félhessetek | félhessenek | |
Def. | félhessem | félhesd or félhessed |
félhesse | félhessük | félhessétek | félhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | félhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. félhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (félhetni) | (félhetnem) | (félhetned) | (félhetnie) | (félhetnünk) | (félhetnetek) | (félhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | félhető | Neg. adj. | félhetetlen | Adv. part. | (félhetve / félhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
(Expressions):
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *pälä (“half; side”).[3][2] Cognates include Mansi.
Noun
fél (plural felek)
- half; either part of something divided into two
- Az ország nagyobbik felében esni fog az eső. ― It will rain in the bigger part of the country.
- side, party, participant (e.g. at court etc.)
- A másik felet is hallgassuk meg. ― Let's hear the other party of the events.
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | fél | felek |
accusative | felet | feleket |
dative | félnek | feleknek |
instrumental | féllel | felekkel |
causal-final | félért | felekért |
translative | féllé | felekké |
terminative | félig | felekig |
essive-formal | félként | felekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | félben | felekben |
superessive | félen | feleken |
adessive | félnél | feleknél |
illative | félbe | felekbe |
sublative | félre | felekre |
allative | félhez | felekhez |
elative | félből | felekből |
delative | félről | felekről |
ablative | féltől | felektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
félé | feleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
féléi | felekéi |
Possessive forms of fél | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | felem | feleim |
2nd person sing. | feled | feleid |
3rd person sing. | fele | felei |
1st person plural | felünk | feleink |
2nd person plural | feletek | feleitek |
3rd person plural | felük | feleik |
Derived terms
Compound words
Numeral
fél
- half (1/2)
Derived terms
(Compound words):
Etymology 3
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *pele (“column, stang”). Cognates include Finnish pieli.[4]
Noun
fél
Derived terms
References
- ^ Entry #739 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 fél in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Entry #722 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ Entry #738 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
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