gill

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See also: Gill

English

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An Alpine newt larva showing the gills, which flare just behind the head.
Mushroom gills.

Etymology 1

From Middle English gile (“gill”), from Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), from Proto-Germanic *gelunaz (“jaw”), related to Ancient Greek χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɪl/
  • Rhymes: -ɪl
  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. (animal anatomy) a breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals
    • (Can we date this quote by Ray and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills.
  2. (of a fish) a gill slit or gill cover
    Gill nets are designed to catch a fish by the gills.
  3. (mycology) one of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, on the surface of which the spore-producing organs are borne
    Synonym: lamella
  4. (animal anatomy) the fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle
  5. (figuratively) the flesh under or about the chin; a wattle
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Jonathan Swift to this entry?)
  6. (spinning) one of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments
Derived terms
Translations
fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl — see wattle
flesh under or about the chin — see wattle
See also

Verb

gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past and past participle gilled)

  1. to remove the gills from a fish as part of gutting and cleaning it
    • 2014, Scott Tippett, Polaris, →ISBN, page 99:
      She gutted and gilled the fish, then scaled it.
  2. (transitive) to catch (a fish) in a gillnet
    • 1898, Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, page 255:
      Owing to the peculiar shape of the pompano and the relatively large mesh in the pompano gill nets, the fish are not caught by being actually gilled.
    • 1971, Michael Culley, ‎G. A. Kerkut, The Pilchard: Biology and Exploitation →ISBN, page 70:
      In cases of very heavy catches the nets may be hauled and stored with the fish still gilled. The fish would then be shaken out on return to the port.
    • 1994, G.D. Pickett, ‎M.G. Pawson, Sea Bass: Biology →ISBN, page 177:
      The intention is to gill the fish, so they are usually scared into the net by rowing one boat into the middle of the net circle and banging the oars on the boat bottom or splashing the water.
  3. (intransitive) to be or become entangled in a gillnet
    • 2010, Edward A. Perrine, Midnight Tracy, →ISBN, page 147:
      Also, when fish gilled there wasn't as much extra twine to tangle in, so they were easier to release from the net.
Quotations
  • 1948, Oliver Hazard Perry Rodman, The Saltwater Fisherman's Favorite Four, page 166:
    As we had fish home in the icebox, when Bill led the fish up alongside, I leaned over the combing, gilled the fish with my fingers, slid out the hook and let go. The bass lay there for a moment, tired from the arch of the rod and the pull of the line.
References
  • Walter Koelz, Fishing industry of the Great Lakes (1926), page 556: Since the fine threads of the net usually are caught under the gill covers of the fish they are said to be "gilled."

Etymology 2

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Old French gille (“a wine measure”), from Medieval Latin gillo (“earthenware jar”), possibly from Gaulish gallā (“vessel”).

Pronunciation

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  2. a drink measure for spirits and wine (size varies regionally but it is about one quarter of a pint)
  3. (archaic, British) a measuring jug holding a quarter or half a pint
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Middle English gille, from Old Norse gil

Pronunciation

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. (British) rivulet
  2. (British) ravine

Etymology 4

Etymology uncertain.

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. a two-wheeled frame for transporting timber

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. (Scotland) a leech
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Jamieson to this entry?)

Etymology 6

Clipping of gillian, from the female name Gillian.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. a female ferret
  2. (obsolete) a promiscuous woman; harlot, wanton
  3. (obsolete) a prostitute
    • 1646, Humphrey Mill, “Section XXI”, in The Nights Search, Part 2‎[1], page 129:
      Gill comes from the Knight, that did so seek / To gaine her love; she's hir'd for a week.
Synonyms

Verb

gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past and past participle gilled)

  1. (obsolete) To act as a prostitute.
    • 1719, Henry Playford, “Lewis Upon the Fret”, in Wit and Mirth: Or, Pills to Purge Melancholy, page 72:
      Comme proprement le fine of my Designs dey make; / Dam gilling Whore / Et Louis d'or

Irish

Noun

gill m

  1. vocative/genitive singular of geall (“pledge, security; wager, bet; gage, challenge; palm, prize; supremacy; token, promise; assets”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gill ghill ngill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Scots

Etymology 1

Compare English gill.

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. a measure of liquid equivalent to one-fourth of a mutchkin or three quarters of an Imperial gill, about 110 millilitres; (by extension) a serving of drink
    • 1864, James Patterson, Reminiscences of Auld Ayr‎[2], page 101:
      […] it will be strange if you and me part dry mouthed ; mony a gill I’ve got frae you ; it’s my turn this time.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a vessel with a capacity of one gill
Derived terms

Verb

gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past gill'd, past participle gill'd)

  1. to drink, tipple

Etymology 2

From Old Norse gil, Norwegian gjel (“gorge, ravine”), attested a. 1500.

Noun

gill (plural gills)

  1. a narrow valley with steep sides, a gully

References

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

gill m

  1. inflection of geall (“bet, wager”):
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
gill ghill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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