helle
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]helle
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]helle
Finnish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈhelːeˣ/, [ˈhe̞lːe̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -elːe
- Syllabification(key): hel‧le
- Hyphenation(key): hel‧le
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *heldeh (compare Karelian helleh), borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian šiltis).[1]
Noun
[edit]helle
- hot weather, swelter
- (weather) weather with a temperature above +25 °C (77 F) (in Finnish weather forecasts)
- (rare, chiefly figuratively) hot place, heat
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of helle (Kotus type 48*I/hame, lt-ll gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | helle | helteet | |
| genitive | helteen | helteiden helteitten | |
| partitive | hellettä | helteitä | |
| illative | helteeseen | helteisiin helteihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | helle | helteet | |
| accusative | nom. | helle | helteet |
| gen. | helteen | ||
| genitive | helteen | helteiden helteitten | |
| partitive | hellettä | helteitä | |
| inessive | helteessä | helteissä | |
| elative | helteestä | helteistä | |
| illative | helteeseen | helteisiin helteihin | |
| adessive | helteellä | helteillä | |
| ablative | helteeltä | helteiltä | |
| allative | helteelle | helteille | |
| essive | helteenä | helteinä | |
| translative | helteeksi | helteiksi | |
| abessive | helteettä | helteittä | |
| instructive | — | heltein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “helle”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]helle
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Regional variant of German hell. From Middle High German hellen, from the root of hell (“clear, bright”). Cognate with Dutch hel.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]helle (strong nominative masculine singular heller, comparative heller, superlative am hellesten or am hellsten)
Declension
[edit]| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist helle | sie ist helle | es ist helle | sie sind helle | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | heller | helle | helles | helle |
| genitive | hellen | heller | hellen | heller | |
| dative | hellem | heller | hellem | hellen | |
| accusative | hellen | helle | helles | helle | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der helle | die helle | das helle | die hellen |
| genitive | des hellen | der hellen | des hellen | der hellen | |
| dative | dem hellen | der hellen | dem hellen | den hellen | |
| accusative | den hellen | die helle | das helle | die hellen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein heller | eine helle | ein helles | (keine) hellen |
| genitive | eines hellen | einer hellen | eines hellen | (keiner) hellen | |
| dative | einem hellen | einer hellen | einem hellen | (keinen) hellen | |
| accusative | einen hellen | eine helle | ein helles | (keine) hellen | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist heller | sie ist heller | es ist heller | sie sind heller | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | hellerer | hellere | helleres | hellere |
| genitive | helleren | hellerer | helleren | hellerer | |
| dative | hellerem | hellerer | hellerem | helleren | |
| accusative | helleren | hellere | helleres | hellere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der hellere | die hellere | das hellere | die helleren |
| genitive | des helleren | der helleren | des helleren | der helleren | |
| dative | dem helleren | der helleren | dem helleren | den helleren | |
| accusative | den helleren | die hellere | das hellere | die helleren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein hellerer | eine hellere | ein helleres | (keine) helleren |
| genitive | eines helleren | einer helleren | eines helleren | (keiner) helleren | |
| dative | einem helleren | einer helleren | einem helleren | (keinen) helleren | |
| accusative | einen helleren | eine hellere | ein helleres | (keine) helleren | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist am hellesten er ist am hellsten |
sie ist am hellesten sie ist am hellsten |
es ist am hellesten es ist am hellsten |
sie sind am hellesten sie sind am hellsten | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | hellester hellster |
helleste hellste |
hellestes hellstes |
helleste hellste |
| genitive | hellesten hellsten |
hellester hellster |
hellesten hellsten |
hellester hellster | |
| dative | hellestem hellstem |
hellester hellster |
hellestem hellstem |
hellesten hellsten | |
| accusative | hellesten hellsten |
helleste hellste |
hellestes hellstes |
helleste hellste | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der helleste der hellste |
die helleste die hellste |
das helleste das hellste |
die hellesten die hellsten |
| genitive | des hellesten des hellsten |
der hellesten der hellsten |
des hellesten des hellsten |
der hellesten der hellsten | |
| dative | dem hellesten dem hellsten |
der hellesten der hellsten |
dem hellesten dem hellsten |
den hellesten den hellsten | |
| accusative | den hellesten den hellsten |
die helleste die hellste |
das helleste das hellste |
die hellesten die hellsten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein hellester ein hellster |
eine helleste eine hellste |
ein hellestes ein hellstes |
(keine) hellesten (keine) hellsten |
| genitive | eines hellesten eines hellsten |
einer hellesten einer hellsten |
eines hellesten eines hellsten |
(keiner) hellesten (keiner) hellsten | |
| dative | einem hellesten einem hellsten |
einer hellesten einer hellsten |
einem hellesten einem hellsten |
(keinen) hellesten (keinen) hellsten | |
| accusative | einen hellesten einen hellsten |
eine helleste eine hellste |
ein hellestes ein hellstes |
(keine) hellesten (keine) hellsten | |
Further reading
[edit]Limburgish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Unknown.
Adjective
[edit]helle (comparative helder, superlative helles, predicative superlative 't hèls)
Usage notes
[edit]Root changed into hel, only used as last word of a phrase.
- de hel vrów/de vrów is hel, mer ouch vröntjelik vs. die vrów is helle
Declension
[edit]| number & gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | helle | helle | helle | helle | helle | helle |
| genitive | hells | heller | heller | heller | hells | heller |
| locative | helles | helles | helles | helles | helles | helles |
| vocative1 | helle | |||||
| dative2 | helle | hellen | heller | hellen | helle | hellen |
| accusative2 | helle | hellen | helle | helle | helle | hellen |
| 1Limited to a few fossilized forms. | ||||||
| 2Nowadays obsolete, use the nominative instead. | ||||||
Etymology 2
[edit]From hel.
Noun
[edit]helle f
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch hella, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju.
Noun
[edit]helle f
Inflection
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | helle | hellen |
| accusative | helle | hellen |
| genitive | helle, hellen | hellen |
| dative | helle, hellen | hellen |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “helle (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “helle (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]helle (genitive singular helles or helle)
- Hell (the Christian place of damnation)
- c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:
- Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.
- The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]
- a. 1333, “Poem 15: Eterne rex altissime; Fol. 209v-210r”, in William Herebert, transl., Opera (British Library MS. Add. 46919)[4], Hereford; republished as The Works of William Herebert, OFM (Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse), [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan, a. 2018:
- Vor hœ́uene and œ́rþe and helle, and al þat þrinne bœ́n, / To þé shullen bouwen hœm and bénden hœre knœ́n.
- Since heaven, earth, and hell, and everything that's in them, / shall bow before You and bend their knees.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[5], published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, folio 4, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle
- But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.
- Limbo (waiting place for souls)
- (by extension) The underworld in Greco-Roman legend.
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “helle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Noun
[edit]helle (plural helles, genitive singular helles or helle)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “helle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse hella, from hallr (stone).
Noun
[edit]helle f or m (definite singular hella or hellen, indefinite plural heller, definite plural hellene)
Synonyms
[edit]- (disc made of iron): takke
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse hella, from hallr (slope, incline).
Verb
[edit]helle (imperative hell, present tense heller, simple past hellet or helte, past participle hellet or helt, present participle hellende)
Synonyms
[edit]- (pour): pøse
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “helle” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse hella, from hallr (stone).
Noun
[edit]helle f (definite singular hella, indefinite plural heller, definite plural hellene)
Synonyms
[edit]- (disc made of iron): takke
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “helle” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Noun
[edit]helle
- inflection of hell:
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ingrian hellä. Doublet of ellä (Kattila, inherited).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]helle
Inflection
[edit]| Declension of helle (type VIII/päive, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | helle | helled |
| genitive | hellä | hellije |
| partitive | hellä | helliit |
| illative | helläse, hellä | helliise |
| inessive | hellez | helliiz |
| elative | helless | helliiss |
| allative | hellelle | helliille |
| adessive | hellell | helliill |
| ablative | hellelt | helliilt |
| translative | hellessi | helliissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. For dialectal differences between case endings, see Appendix:Votic dialects. | ||
References
[edit]- Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “hellä”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language][6], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Yola
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English helle, from Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]helle
References
[edit]- Charles Vallancey (1788), “Memoir of the Language, Manners and Customs of an Anglo-Saxon Colony Settled in the Baronies of Forth and Bargie, in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1167, 1168 and 1169.”, in The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy[7], volume 2, Royal Irish Academy, page 30
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