English
Diagram of a human kidney with major structures labeled. 1. renal pyramid • 2. interlobular artery • 3. renal artery • 4. renal vein 5. renal hilum • 6. renal pelvis • 7. ureter • 8. minor calyx • 9. renal capsule • 10. inferior renal capsule • 11. superior renal capsule • 12. interlobular vein • 13. nephron • 14. renal sinus • 15. major calyx • 16. renal papilla • 17. renal column
Etymology
From Middle English kednei , kidenei , from earlier kidnēre , kidenēre ( “ kidney ” ) , of obscure origin and formation. Probably a compound consisting of Middle English *kid , *quid ( “ belly, womb ” ) , from Old English cwiþ , cwiþa ( “ belly, womb, stomach ” ) + Middle English nēre ( “ kidney ” ) , from Old English *nēora ( “ kidney ” ) , from Proto-Germanic *neurô ( “ kidney ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰr- ( “ kidney ” ) . If so, then related to Scots nere , neir ( “ kidney ” ) , Saterland Frisian Njuure ( “ kidney ” ) , Dutch nier ( “ kidney ” ) , German Niere ( “ kidney ” ) , Danish nyre ( “ kidney ” ) , Norwegian nyre ( “ kidney ” ) , Swedish njure ( “ kidney ” ) , (deprecated template usage ) [etyl] Ancient Greek νεφρός ( nephrós ) .
Alternate etymology traces the first element to Old English cēod , codd ( “ sack, scrotum ” ) , from Proto-Germanic *keudō ( “ sack ” ) as the terms for testicle and kidney were often interchangeable in Germanic (compare Old High German nioro ( “ kidney", also "testicle ” ) , Old Swedish vig-niauri ( “ testicle ” ) . More at codpiece .
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E . IPA (key ) : /ˈkɪdni/
Noun
kidney (plural kidneys )
An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine .
2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist [1] , volume 407 , number 8838 , page 5 (Technology Quarterly):An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
This organ (of an animal) cooked as food .
( figuratively , dated ) Constitution , temperament , nature , type , character , disposition . ( usually used of people )
c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare , “The Merry Wiues of Windsor ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [ … ] (First Folio ), London: [ … ] Isaac Iaggard , and Ed[ ward] Blount , published 1623 , →OCLC , [ Act V, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals) ] :[ …] think of that, – a man of my kidney , – think of that, [ …]
L'Estrange
millions in the world of this man's kidney
Burns
Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney , pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
1920 , T.S. Eliot , A Cooking Egg [2] :I shall not want Honour in Heaven For I shall meet Sir Philip Sidney And have talk with Coriolanus And other heroes of that kidney .
( obsolete , slang ) A waiter .
1709 , Richard Steele, The Tatler [3] , volume 1:I once more desire my readers to consider that as I cannot keep an ingenious man to go daily to Will's under twopence each day merely for his charges, to White's under sixpence, nor to the Grecian without allowing him some plain Spanish, to be as able as others at the learned table; and that a good observer cannot speak with even Kidney at St. James's without clean linen; ...
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
an organ in the body
Abkhaz: please add this translation if you can
Afrikaans: nier
Albanian: veshkë (sq) f ( Tosk ) , rrâni ( Gheg )
Amharic: ኩላሊት ( kulalit )
Arabic: كُلْيَة (ar) f ( kulya )
Egyptian Arabic: كلية f ( kelya )
Aragonese: please add this translation if you can
Armenian: երիկամ (hy) ( erikam )
Aromanian: arniclju , riniclju
Assamese: বৃক্ক ( brikkô )
Asturian: reñón (ast) m , riñón (ast) m
Avar: ургьисала ( urhisala ) , багӏаржо ( baʻaržo )
Aymara: please add this translation if you can
Azerbaijani: böyrək (az)
Bashkir: бөйөр ( böyör )
Basque: giltzurrun (eu)
Belarusian: ны́рка f ( nýrka )
Bengali: কিডনি ( kiḍoni ) , বৃক্ক ( brikkô ) , অন্ত্র (bn) ( ôntrô )
Breton: please add this translation if you can
Bulgarian: бъ̀брек (bg) m ( bǎ̀brek )
Burmese: ကျောက်ကပ် (my) ( kyaukkap )
Catalan: ronyó (ca) m
Chechen: please add this translation if you can
Chichewa: impso
Chinese:
Cantonese: 腎 / 肾 , 肾 ( san6 )
Mandarin: 腎臟 / 肾脏 (zh) ( shènzàng ) , 肾脏 (zh) ( shènzàng ) , 腎 / 肾 (zh) ( shèn ) , 肾 (zh) ( shèn ) , 腰子 (zh) ( yāozi )
Czech: ledvina (cs) f
Danish: nyre (da) c
Dhivehi: ގުރުދާ ( gurudā )
Dutch: nier (nl) f
Esperanto: reno
Estonian: neer (et)
Ewe: ayiku n
Extremaduran: please add this translation if you can
Faroese: nýra n
Finnish: munuainen (fi)
French: rein (fr) m
Friulian: rognon
Galician: ril (gl) m , rinle m
Georgian: თირკმელი ( tirḳmeli ) , ჭაჭა ( č̣ač̣a ) ( dialectal )
German: Niere (de) f
Greek: νεφρό (el) n ( nefró )
Ancient: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter "sc" should be a valid script code; the value "polytonic" is not valid. See WT:LOS .
Gujarati: મુત્રપિંડ ( mutrapiṇḍ )
Hausa: ƙoda
Haitian Creole: ren
Hawaiian: hakuʻala
Hebrew: כִּלְיָה (he) f ( kilya ) , כליות f pl ( klayót )
Hindi: गुर्दा (hi) m ( gurdā )
Hungarian: vese (hu)
Icelandic: nýra (is) n
Ido: reno (io)
Indonesian: ginjal (id)
Interlingua: ren
Interlingue: Lua error in Module:translations at line 71 : Translations must be for attested and approved main-namespace languages.
Irish: duán (ga) m
Italian: rene (it) m
Japanese: 腎臓 (ja) ( じんぞう, jinzō )
Kannada: ಮೂತ್ರಪಿಂಡ (kn) ( mūtrapiṇḍa )
Kapampangan: batu
Kazakh: бүйрек (kk) ( büirek )
Khmer: (please verify ) តម្រងមូត្រ ( tɑmrɑɑng muut ) , វក្កំ (km) ( vĕəkkang ) , ក្រលៀន (km) ( krɑliən )
Korean: 콩팥 (ko) ( kongpat ) , 신장 (ko) ( sinjang ) (腎臟 (ko) )
Kurdish:
Kurmanji: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E .
Sorani: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290 : Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E .
Kyrgyz: бөйрөк (ky) ( böyrök )
Lao: ໄຕ ( tai )
Latgalian: eiksts
Latin: rēn (la) m
Latvian: niere f , īkstis f pl ( archaism )
Lithuanian: inkstas m
Low German: Neer (nds) f
Luxembourgish: Nier (lb) f
Lü: please add this translation if you can
Macedonian: бубрег m ( bubreg )
(deprecated template usage ) {{trans-mid }}
Malay: ginjal , kerinjal , buah pinggang
Malayalam: വൃക്ക (ml) ( vr̥kka )
Maltese: kilwa f
Manx: please add this translation if you can
Maori: tākihi , whatukuhu , whatumanawa
Marathi: गुडदा ( guḍdā )
Mirandese: renhon m
Mizo: kal
Mongolian: бөөр (mn) ( böör )
Navajo: achą́ʼáshkʼazhí
Nepali: मिर्गौलो ( mirgaulo )
Norman: rein m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: nyre (no) m or f or n
Nynorsk: nyre f or n
Occitan: ren (oc) , arnelh
Old English: ǣdre f
Oriya: ମୂତ୍ରାଶୟ (or) ( mutrāśaya ) , ବୃକ୍କକ ( brukkaka )
Ossetian: уырг ( wyrg )
Ottoman Turkish: بوبرك ( böbrek )
Pashto: پوښتورګى m ( puӽtawᶕrgay ) , بدوری m ( badǔray )
Persian: کلیه (fa) ( kolliye ) , گرده (fa) ( gorde )
Polish: nerka (pl) f
Portuguese: rim (pt) m
Punjabi: ਗੁਰਦਾ ( gurdā )
Quechua: rurun
Rajasthani: गुड़दौ ( guṛdau )
Romanian: rinichi (ro) m
Romansch: gnirunchel , narunchel , niruncel , nirunchel , ranuogl
Russian: по́чка (ru) f ( póčka )
Sanskrit: वृक्क (sa) ( vṛkka )
Sardinian: arrene , rene , arrigu , errigu , orrungione , orrunzone , runzone , nerule
Scottish Gaelic: dubhag f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: бубрег m
Roman: bubreg (sh) m
Sichuan Yi: ꀑ ( o )
Sicilian: please add this translation if you can
Sindhi: please add this translation if you can
Sinhalese: වකුගඩුව ( wakugaḍuwa )
Slovak: oblička (sk) f , ľadvina f
Slovene: ledvica f
Somali: please add this translation if you can
Spanish: riñón (es) m
Sundanese: ᮌᮤᮔ᮪ᮏᮜ᮪ ( ginjal )
Svan: ჯაჭ ( ǯač̣ )
Swedish: njure (sv)
Tagalog: bato (tl)
Tajik: гурда (tg) ( gurda )
Tamil: சிறுநீரகம் (ta) ( ciṟunīrakam )
Tatar: бөер (tt) ( böer )
Telugu: మూత్రపిండము (te) ( mūtrapiṇḍamu )
Thai: ไต (th) ( dtai )
Tibetan: མཁལ་རིལ ( mkhal ril )
Turkish: böbrek (tr)
Turkmen: böwrek (tk)
Tuvan: бүүрек ( büürek )
Ukrainian: ни́рка (uk) f ( nýrka )
Urdu: گردہ m ( gurdā )
Uyghur: بۆرەك ( börek )
Uzbek: buyrak (uz)
Venetian: reno m
Vietnamese: thận (vi) (腎 )
Volapük: roin (vo)
Walloon: rino (wa) , rno (wa) , rin (wa)
Welsh: aren f
White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
Wolof: roño bi
Yagnobi: ғуркак ( ġurkak )
Yami: mao
Yiddish: ניר ( nir )
Zazaki: velkek m pl
Zhuang: mak , samndaen ( dialectal ) , iucij ( dialectal )
See also
Anagrams