leden

See also: led-en and LED-en

English

Alternative forms

ledden

Etymology

From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.

Noun

leden (uncountable)

(obsolete) Language; speech.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
  he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]

Anagrams

elden, neeld

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

leden

Wikipedia ^cs

Alternative forms

led (abbreviation)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech leden, from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈlɛdɛn]
Audio: (file)

Noun

leden m inan (relational adjective lednový)

January
Narodil jsem se šestého ledna roku 1981. ― I was born on the sixth of January 1981.

Usage notes

The genitive is used with dates without a preposition.

Declension

Declension of leden (hard masculine inanimate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	leden	ledny
genitive	ledna	lednů
dative	lednu	lednům
accusative	leden	ledny
vocative	ledne	ledny
locative	lednu	lednech
instrumental	lednem	ledny

Derived terms

lednový

Danish

Adjective

leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)

(archaic) Passed, over, finished.
- 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25:
  Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!
  Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!
- 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94:
  Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Noun

leden c

definite singular of lede

Verb

leden

common past participle of lide

Dutch

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -eːdən
Audio: (file)

Noun

leden

plural of lid

Verb

leden

inflection of lijden:
1. plural past indicative
2. (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

Anagrams

delen, lende

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Alternative forms

lede, leaden, leeden, lædden

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̝ːdən/

Verb

leden

To lead (guide, conduct, direct)
- 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4‎^[1]:
  Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11‎^[2]:
  Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7‎^[3]:
  He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
to carry, take, bring
to put, place, set down
to lead (a life), to live
to cause, engender, beget

Conjugation

Conjugation of *leden* (weak in -de)
	present tense	past tense
infinitive	(to) leden, lede

1st-person singular	lede	ledde
2nd-person singular	ledest	leddest
3rd-person singular	ledeth, let	ledde
subjunctive singular	lede	ledde
imperative singular	lede	—

plural¹	leden, lede	ledden, ledde
imperative plural	ledeth, lede	—

participles	ledynge, ledende	led, yled

¹ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

Descendants

English: lead (“guide”)
Middle Scots: leid, lede
- Scots: lead

References

“lēden, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 March 2018.

Etymology 2

From led (“lead”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Alternative forms

lede, leedyn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Verb

leden

To cover in lead; to attach lead to.
To make out of lead.
(figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *leden* (weak in -ede)
	present tense	past tense
infinitive	(to) leden, lede

1st-person singular	lede	leded(e)
2nd-person singular	ledest	lededest
3rd-person singular	ledeth	leded(e)
subjunctive singular	lede	leded(e)
imperative singular	lede	—

plural¹	leden, lede	lededen, leded(e)
imperative plural	ledeth, lede	—

participles	ledynge, ledende	leded, yleded

¹ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

English: lead (“cover in lead”)

References

“lēden, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led +‎ -en (“made of”).

Alternative forms

leaden, ledyn, ledun, ledyng

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̝ːdən/

Adjective

leden

Made of lead; containing lead
Having the appearance of lead; leaden

Descendants

English: leaden
Middle Scots: leidin
- Scots: leiden

References

“leden,, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.

Etymology 4

A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).

Alternative forms

lede, ledne, ledene, ledden, liden
(shortened) lede

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈleːdən/, /ˈlɛ̝ːdən/

Noun

leden

Latin (language)
A language or tongue.
Synonyms: langage, speche, tonge, thede
singing, music

Descendants

English: leed
Scots: leed, leid, lied

References

“lē̆den, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 March 2018.

Etymology 5

From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

leden

(Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

leden m

definite singular of led

Anagrams

LED-en, delen, elden, led-en

Old Czech

Alternative forms

ľeden (alternative writing)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/

Noun

leden m inan

January

Declension

Declension of leden (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	leden	ledny	ledni, lednové
genitive	ledna, lednu	lednú	lednóv
dative	lednu	lednoma	lednóm
accusative	leden	ledny	ledny
vocative	ledne	ledny	ledni, lednové
locative	ledně, lednu	lednú	ledniech
instrumental	lednem	lednoma	ledny

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Descendants

Czech: leden

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lêden/
Hyphenation: led‧en

Adjective

lȅden (Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден, definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī)

(relational) ice; icy, glacial
cold, frigid, chilled
ledena kava ― iced coffee
crystalline, clear and transparent
relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
(figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
(figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing

Usage notes

Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.

Declension

positive indefinite forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		leden	ledena	ledeno
genitive		ledena	ledene	ledena
dative		ledenu	ledenoj	ledenu
accusative	inanimate animate	leden ledena	ledenu	ledeno
vocative		leden	ledena	ledeno
locative		ledenu	ledenoj	ledenu
instrumental		ledenim	ledenom	ledenim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
genitive		ledenih	ledenih	ledenih
dative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
accusative		ledene	ledene	ledena
vocative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
locative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
instrumental		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)

positive definite forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledena	ledeno
genitive		ledenog(a)	ledene	ledenog(a)
dative		ledenom(u/e)	ledenoj	ledenom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	ledeni ledenog(a)	ledenu	ledeno
vocative		ledeni	ledena	ledeno
locative		ledenom(e/u)	ledenoj	ledenom(e/u)
instrumental		ledenim	ledenom	ledenim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
genitive		ledenih	ledenih	ledenih
dative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
accusative		ledene	ledene	ledena
vocative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
locative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
instrumental		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)

comparative forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeniji	ledenija	ledenije
genitive		ledenijeg(a)	ledenije	ledenijeg(a)
dative		ledenijem(u)	ledenijoj	ledenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	ledeniji ledenijeg(a)	ledeniju	ledenije
vocative		ledeniji	ledenija	ledenije
locative		ledenijem(u)	ledenijoj	ledenijem(u)
instrumental		ledenijim	ledenijom	ledenijim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeniji	ledenije	ledenija
genitive		ledenijih	ledenijih	ledenijih
dative		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)
accusative		ledenije	ledenije	ledenija
vocative		ledeniji	ledenije	ledenija
locative		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)
instrumental		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)

superlative forms
singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najledeniji	najledenija	najledenije
genitive		najledenijeg(a)	najledenije	najledenijeg(a)
dative		najledenijem(u)	najledenijoj	najledenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najledeniji najledenijeg(a)	najledeniju	najledenije
vocative		najledeniji	najledenija	najledenije
locative		najledenijem(u)	najledenijoj	najledenijem(u)
instrumental		najledenijim	najledenijom	najledenijim

plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najledeniji	najledenije	najledenija
genitive		najledenijih	najledenijih	najledenijih
dative		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)
accusative		najledenije	najledenije	najledenija
vocative		najledeniji	najledenije	najledenija
locative		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)
instrumental		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)

Synonyms

lȅdan

References

Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[4] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
“leden”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Swedish

Noun

leden

definite singular of led (“joint”)
definite plural of led (“step”)

Anagrams

delen, elden, en del

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Anagrams

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Danish

Adjective

Noun

Verb

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

Verb

Anagrams

Middle English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Descendants

References

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

References

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

Descendants

References

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Etymology 5

Noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

Anagrams

Old Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Synonyms

References

Swedish

Noun

Anagrams