Irish
Etymology
ní + -r
Pronunciation
Particle
níor (triggers lenition of a following consonant, except in the past autonomous)
- not (preverbal particle)
- Níor thuig mé. ― I did not understand.
- Níor chuala mé thú. ― I did not hear you.
Usage notes
- Used only the past tense, except for some irregular verbs that use ní instead.
- ní (used in other tenses)
- char (Ulster)
Particle
níor (form used before vowels níorbh) (copular form; used before consonants; triggers lenition)
- not (used in the past/conditional)
- Níor cheardaí an té a rinne é. ― Whoever made it was no tradesman.
Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
| Present/future
|
|
Affirmative |
Negative |
Interrogative |
Neg. inter.
|
| Main clauses
|
is |
ní |
an |
nach
|
| Direct relative clauses
|
nach
|
|
| Indirect relative clauses |
ar, arbv
|
| Other subordinate clauses |
gur, gurbv |
an |
nach
|
| Past/conditional
|
|
Affirmative |
Negative |
Interrogative |
Neg. inter.
|
| Main clauses |
ba, b’v |
níor, níorbhv |
ar, arbhv |
nár, nárbhv
|
| Direct relative clauses |
ba, abv
|
nár, nárbhv
|
|
| Indirect relative clauses |
ar, arbhv
|
| Other subordinate clauses |
gur, gurbhv |
ar, arbhv |
nár, nárbhv
|
| Present subjunctive
|
|
|
Affirmative |
Negative
|
| gura, gurabv |
nára, nárabv
|
|
|
Compound copular forms
| Base word |
Present/future |
Past/conditional
|
| cá |
cár, cárbv |
cár, cárbhv
|
| cé |
cér, cérbv |
cér, cérbhv
|
| dá
|
|
dá mba, dá mb’v
|
| de/do |
dar, darbv |
dar, darbhv
|
| faoi |
faoinar, faoinarbv |
faoinar, faoinarbhv
|
| i |
inar, inarbv |
inar, inarbhv
|
| le |
lenar, lenarbv |
lenar, lenarbhv
|
| má |
más |
má ba, má b’v
|
| mura |
mura, murabv |
murar, murarbhv
|
| ó (prep.) |
ónar, ónarbv |
ónar, ónarbhv
|
| ó (conj.) |
ós |
ó ba, ó b’v
|
| trí |
trínar, trínarbv |
trínar, trínarbhv
|
|
| v Used before vowel sounds
|
