rapa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rapa"

Catalan

Etymology

Probably from rappa, a Southern Italian dialect form of grappa (“bunch of grapes”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈra.pə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈra.pa]

Noun

rapa f (plural rapes)

1. a bunchstem with the grapes removed
2. the inflorescence of an olive tree
3. leather of inferior quality
4. a name given to various Arum species

Derived terms

• rapa blava
• rapa de frare
• rapa mosquera
• rapejar

Further reading

• “rapa”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse hrapa, from Proto-Germanic *hrapaną, *hrappa- (“fast”), from Proto-Indo-European *krb(ʰ)- (“quickly”).

Verb

rapa (third person singular past indicative rapaði, third person plural past indicative rapaðu, supine rapað)

1. (intransitive) to fall

Conjugation

Conjugation of rapa (group v-30)

infinitive	rapa
supine	rapað
	present	past
first singular	rapi	rapaði
second singular	rapar	rapaði
third singular	rapar	rapaði
plural	rapa	rapaðu
participle (a6)1	rapandi	rapaður
	imperative
singular	rapa!
plural	rapið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑ̝pɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ra‧pa
• Hyphenation^(key): ra‧pa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *rapa (“crumbly stone, crumbly substance”). Cognates include Estonian raba, Karelian rapa, Livonian ra­bā and Votic rapa.

Noun

rapa

1. dirt, mud

Declension

Inflection of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)
nominative		rapa	ravat
genitive		ravan	rapojen
partitive		rapaa	rapoja
illative		rapaan	rapoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		rapa	ravat
accusative	nom.	rapa	ravat
	gen.	ravan
genitive		ravan	rapojen rapain rare
partitive		rapaa	rapoja
inessive		ravassa	ravoissa
elative		ravasta	ravoista
illative		rapaan	rapoihin
adessive		ravalla	ravoilla
ablative		ravalta	ravoilta
allative		ravalle	ravoille
essive		rapana	rapoina
translative		ravaksi	ravoiksi
abessive		ravatta	ravoitta
instructive		—	ravoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rapani rapani accusative nom. rapani rapani gen. rapani genitive rapani rapojeni rapaini rare partitive rapaani rapojani inessive ravassani ravoissani elative ravastani ravoistani illative rapaani rapoihini adessive ravallani ravoillani ablative ravaltani ravoiltani allative ravalleni ravoilleni essive rapanani rapoinani translative ravakseni ravoikseni abessive ravattani ravoittani instructive — — comitative — rapoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rapasi rapasi accusative nom. rapasi rapasi gen. rapasi genitive rapasi rapojesi rapaisi rare partitive rapaasi rapojasi inessive ravassasi ravoissasi elative ravastasi ravoistasi illative rapaasi rapoihisi adessive ravallasi ravoillasi ablative ravaltasi ravoiltasi allative ravallesi ravoillesi essive rapanasi rapoinasi translative ravaksesi ravoiksesi abessive ravattasi ravoittasi instructive — — comitative — rapoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rapamme rapamme accusative nom. rapamme rapamme gen. rapamme genitive rapamme rapojemme rapaimme rare partitive rapaamme rapojamme inessive ravassamme ravoissamme elative ravastamme ravoistamme illative rapaamme rapoihimme adessive ravallamme ravoillamme ablative ravaltamme ravoiltamme allative ravallemme ravoillemme essive rapanamme rapoinamme translative ravaksemme ravoiksemme abessive ravattamme ravoittamme instructive — — comitative — rapoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rapanne rapanne accusative nom. rapanne rapanne gen. rapanne genitive rapanne rapojenne rapainne rare partitive rapaanne rapojanne inessive ravassanne ravoissanne elative ravastanne ravoistanne illative rapaanne rapoihinne adessive ravallanne ravoillanne ablative ravaltanne ravoiltanne allative ravallenne ravoillenne essive rapananne rapoinanne translative ravaksenne ravoiksenne abessive ravattanne ravoittanne instructive — — comitative — rapoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rapansa rapansa accusative nom. rapansa rapansa gen. rapansa genitive rapansa rapojensa rapainsa rare partitive rapaansa rapojaan rapojansa inessive ravassaan ravassansa ravoissaan ravoissansa elative ravastaan ravastansa ravoistaan ravoistansa illative rapaansa rapoihinsa adessive ravallaan ravallansa ravoillaan ravoillansa ablative ravaltaan ravaltansa ravoiltaan ravoiltansa allative ravalleen ravallensa ravoilleen ravoillensa essive rapanaan rapanansa rapoinaan rapoinansa translative ravakseen ravaksensa ravoikseen ravoiksensa abessive ravattaan ravattansa ravoittaan ravoittansa instructive — — comitative — rapoineen rapoinensa

Derived terms

• rapainen (“dirty, muddy”)
• rapakko (“puddle; the Atlantic Ocean”)
• rapauttaa
• rapautua
• ravata

compounds

• rapajuoppo
• rapakeli
• rapakivi
• rapakunto
• rapakuntoinen
• rapalätäkkö
• rapavelli

Further reading

• “1. rapa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *rapa (“dregs”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *drabaz. Cognates include Estonian raba, Karelian rapa, Livonian rabād, Veps raba and Votic rapa.

Noun

rapa

1. dregs, draff (settled sediment of alcoholic fermented drinks, such as beer)

   Synonyms: mäski, sakka

Declension

Inflection of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)
nominative		rapa	ravat
genitive		ravan	rapojen
partitive		rapaa	rapoja
illative		rapaan	rapoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		rapa	ravat
accusative	nom.	rapa	ravat
	gen.	ravan
genitive		ravan	rapojen rapain rare
partitive		rapaa	rapoja
inessive		ravassa	ravoissa
elative		ravasta	ravoista
illative		rapaan	rapoihin
adessive		ravalla	ravoilla
ablative		ravalta	ravoilta
allative		ravalle	ravoille
essive		rapana	rapoina
translative		ravaksi	ravoiksi
abessive		ravatta	ravoitta
instructive		—	ravoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rapani rapani accusative nom. rapani rapani gen. rapani genitive rapani rapojeni rapaini rare partitive rapaani rapojani inessive ravassani ravoissani elative ravastani ravoistani illative rapaani rapoihini adessive ravallani ravoillani ablative ravaltani ravoiltani allative ravalleni ravoilleni essive rapanani rapoinani translative ravakseni ravoikseni abessive ravattani ravoittani instructive — — comitative — rapoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rapasi rapasi accusative nom. rapasi rapasi gen. rapasi genitive rapasi rapojesi rapaisi rare partitive rapaasi rapojasi inessive ravassasi ravoissasi elative ravastasi ravoistasi illative rapaasi rapoihisi adessive ravallasi ravoillasi ablative ravaltasi ravoiltasi allative ravallesi ravoillesi essive rapanasi rapoinasi translative ravaksesi ravoiksesi abessive ravattasi ravoittasi instructive — — comitative — rapoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rapamme rapamme accusative nom. rapamme rapamme gen. rapamme genitive rapamme rapojemme rapaimme rare partitive rapaamme rapojamme inessive ravassamme ravoissamme elative ravastamme ravoistamme illative rapaamme rapoihimme adessive ravallamme ravoillamme ablative ravaltamme ravoiltamme allative ravallemme ravoillemme essive rapanamme rapoinamme translative ravaksemme ravoiksemme abessive ravattamme ravoittamme instructive — — comitative — rapoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rapanne rapanne accusative nom. rapanne rapanne gen. rapanne genitive rapanne rapojenne rapainne rare partitive rapaanne rapojanne inessive ravassanne ravoissanne elative ravastanne ravoistanne illative rapaanne rapoihinne adessive ravallanne ravoillanne ablative ravaltanne ravoiltanne allative ravallenne ravoillenne essive rapananne rapoinanne translative ravaksenne ravoiksenne abessive ravattanne ravoittanne instructive — — comitative — rapoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rapansa rapansa accusative nom. rapansa rapansa gen. rapansa genitive rapansa rapojensa rapainsa rare partitive rapaansa rapojaan rapojansa inessive ravassaan ravassansa ravoissaan ravoissansa elative ravastaan ravastansa ravoistaan ravoistansa illative rapaansa rapoihinsa adessive ravallaan ravallansa ravoillaan ravoillansa ablative ravaltaan ravaltansa ravoiltaan ravoiltansa allative ravalleen ravallensa ravoilleen ravoillensa essive rapanaan rapanansa rapoinaan rapoinansa translative ravakseen ravaksensa ravoikseen ravoiksensa abessive ravattaan ravattansa ravoittaan ravoittansa instructive — — comitative — rapoineen rapoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• rapakalja
• rapamaha

Further reading

• “2. rapa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Anagrams

• arpa, para

Galician

Etymology 1

Back-formation from rapar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrapɐ]

Noun

rapa f (plural rapas)

1. strickle, levelling rod

   Synonym: rebola

   Da rapa á rebola veña o Demo e escolla (proverb)

   small choice in rotten apples

   (literally, “In between the strickle and the screed, let the demon choose”)

2. shear (the act of shearing)
3. spatula, scraper

   Synonym: espadela

4. tool for detaching mussels and barnacles from the rocks

Derived terms

• rapa das bestas

Related terms

• rapar

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “rapa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “rapa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “rapa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

rapa

1. inflection of rapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rapa. Cognates include Finnish rapa and Estonian raba.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑpɑˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑb̥ɑˑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation: ra‧pa

Noun

rapa

1. dregs (settled sediment of beer or similar alcoholic beverages)

Declension

Declension of rapa (type 3/kana, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	rapa	ravat
genitive	ravan	rappoin
partitive	rappaa	rapoja
illative	rappaa	rappoi
inessive	ravas	ravois
elative	ravast	ravoist
allative	ravalle	ravoille
adessive	raval	ravoil
ablative	ravalt	ravoilt
translative	ravaks	ravoiks
essive	rapanna, rappaan	rapoinna, rappoin
exessive1)	rapant	rapoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 460

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈra.pa/
• Rhymes: -apa
• Hyphenation: rà‧pa

Etymology 1

From Latin rāpa, neuter plural of rāpum, reinterpreted as a feminine singular. Compare French rave, Venetan rava.

Noun

rapa f (plural rape)

1. turnip

   Carote e rape sono radici commestibili.

   Carrots and turnips are edible roots.

Derived terms

• cima di rapa (“turnip greens”)
• sedano rapa (“celeriac”)

Related terms

• rapaio
• rapaiola
• rapanello
• rapare

Etymology 2

Verb

rapa

1. inflection of rapare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3

Back-formation of Italian rapina (“robbery”)

Noun

rapa (f)

1. (Romanesco, slang) robbery

Anagrams

• apar, apra, arpa, para, para-, parà

Latin

Noun

rāpa f (genitive rāpae); first declension

1. alternative form of rāpum

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rāpa	rāpae
genitive	rāpae	rāpārum
dative	rāpae	rāpīs
accusative	rāpam	rāpās
ablative	rāpā	rāpīs
vocative	rāpa	rāpae

Noun

rāpa

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rāpum

References

• “rapa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "rapa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “rapa”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• rapet
• rapte (simple past)
• rapt (past participle)

Verb

rapa

1. inflection of rape:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Old English

Noun

rāpa

1. genitive plural of rāp

Polish

rapa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈra.pa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -apa
• Syllabification: ra‧pa
• Homophone: Rapa

Etymology 1

Perhaps borrowed from German Rapfen. Doublet of rap.

Noun

rapa f

1. asp fish (Aspius aspius, syn. Leuciscus aspius)

   Synonyms: boleń, boleń pospolity, chwat, rap

Declension

Declension of rapa

	singular	plural
nominative	rapa	rapy
genitive	rapy	rap
dative	rapie	rapom
accusative	rapę	rapy
instrumental	rapą	rapami
locative	rapie	rapach
vocative	rapo	rapy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

rapa m animal

1. genitive/accusative singular of rap

Further reading

• rapa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rapa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈha.pɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈha.pɐ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁa.pɐ/ [ˈχa.pɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁa.pa/ [ˈha.pa]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁa.pɐ/

• Rhymes: -apɐ

Etymology 1

Deverbal from rapar (“to scrape”).

Noun

rapa m or f by sense (plural rapas)

1. (slang, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) a figure of authority who confiscates merchandise from unlicensed street vendors

See also

• camelô

Etymology 2

Verb

rapa

1. inflection of rapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Rarotongan

Noun

rapa

1. lightning

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin rāpa, neuter plural of rāpum. Compare Italian rapa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rˈra.pa/
• Hyphenation: rà‧pa

Noun

rapa f (plural rapi)

1. turnip

References

• Traina, Antonino (1868), “rapa”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, pages 3350–3351

Spanish

Verb

rapa

1. inflection of rapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from English rapper.

Noun

rapa class V (plural marapa class VI)

1. rapper

Swedish

Etymology

May be imitative. Compare Icelandic ropa, Norwegian Bokmål rape, Danish ræbe and Norwegian Nynorsk rapa.

Verb

rapa (present rapar, preterite rapade, supine rapat, imperative rapa)

1. to burp, to belch

Conjugation

Conjugation of rapa (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	rapa		—
supine	rapat		—
imperative	rapa		—
imper. plural1	rapen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	rapar	rapade	—	—
ind. plural1	rapa	rapade	—	—
subjunctive2	rape	rapade	—	—
present participle		rapande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• rap

References

• rapa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rapa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• apar, para

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rapa.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈrɑpɑ/, [ˈrɑpɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation: ra‧pa

Noun

rapa

1. (usually in the plural) dregs

Inflection

Declension of rapa (type III/jalkõ, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	rapa	ravad
genitive	rava	rapojõ, rapoi
partitive	rappa	rapoitõ, rapoi
illative	rappasõ, rappa	rapoisõ
inessive	ravaz	rapoiz
elative	ravassõ	rapoissõ
allative	ravalõ	rapoilõ
adessive	ravallõ	rapoillõ
ablative	ravaltõ	rapoiltõ
translative	ravassi	rapoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “rapa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn