valence
See also: Valence
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
Sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(archaic) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”);[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)).[2] Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz.[3] Doublet of value.
Sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈveɪləns/
- Rhymes: -eɪləns
- Hyphenation: va‧lence
Noun
[edit]valence (countable and uncountable, plural valences)
| Examples (linguistics) |
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- (countable, chemistry)
- The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]
- Synonyms: (historical) atomicity, (historical) quantivalence, (historical) quantivalency, valency
- The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
- The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]
- (countable, linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four.
- Synonym: valency
- In this assignment you will analyze each of the following sentences and determine the valence of the highlighted verb.
- (uncountable, especially psychology) A one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive (causing a feeling of attraction) or negative (repulsion). [from early 20th c.]
- anger and fear have negative valence
- (uncountable, sociology) The value which a person places on something.
Alternative forms
[edit]- valency (chiefly Britain)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical
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number of binding sites of a molecule
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number of arguments that a verb can have
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one-dimensional value assigned to an object, situation, or state
|
value which a person places on something
See also
[edit]- (number of arguments that a verb can have): ambitransitivity, ditransitivity, intransitivity, transitivity
Etymology 2
[edit]A variant of valance.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈvæl(ə)ns/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈvæləns/
- Rhymes: -æləns
- Hyphenation: val‧ence
Noun
[edit]valence (plural valences)
- Alternative spelling of valance
References
[edit]- ^ “valence, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “valence, n.2”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2023; “valence, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “quantivalence, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022.
Further reading
[edit]
expectancy theory on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - valence (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- valence (psychology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- valency (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- valence (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “valence”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
[edit]Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]valence f
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- See vale
Further reading
[edit]- “valence”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “valence”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “valence”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995
- “valence”, in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny online (in Czech), 2012–2020
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Back-formation from monovalence., etc.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]valence f (plural valences)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “valence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (rule)
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/eɪləns
- Rhymes:English/eɪləns/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Chemistry
- en:Linguistics
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Psychology
- en:Sociology
- Rhymes:English/æləns
- Rhymes:English/æləns/2 syllables
- English heteronyms
- English terms suffixed with -ence
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/ɛntsɛ
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- cs:Chemistry
- cs:Linguistics
- Czech soft feminine nouns
- French back-formations
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French feminine nouns
- fr:Chemistry
- fr:Linguistics