牘

See also: 牍 and ⿰片売

牘 U+7258, 牘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7258 ← 牗 [U+7257] CJK Unified Ideographs 牙 → [U+7259]

Translingual

Traditional	牘
Shinjitai (extended)	⿰片売
Simplified	牍

Han character

牘 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 中中土田金 (LLGWC) or 中弓土田金 (LNGWC), four-corner 2408₆, composition ⿰片賣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 694, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19906
• Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2021, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7258

Chinese

trad.		牘
simp.		牍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	*ljoɡs, *ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology

Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dú (du²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k / tho̍k

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dú
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dú
    • Wade–Giles: tu²
    • Yale: dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: duk⁶
    • Yale: duhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
    • Tâi-lô: to̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: duwk

Rime
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Baxter	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁok/
English	tablet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16041
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions

牘

1. wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China
2. document; archive
3. letter; correspondence

Compounds

• 公牘／公牍
• 函牘／函牍
• 削牘／削牍
• 剡牘／剡牍
• 尺牘／尺牍 (chǐdú)
• 抱牘／抱牍
• 文牘／文牍 (wéndú)
• 書牘／书牍 (shūdú)
• 案牘／案牍 (àndú)
• 案牘勞形／案牍劳形
• 案牘勞煩／案牍劳烦
• 牘尾／牍尾
• 盈篇累牘／盈篇累牍
• 竿牘／竿牍
• 簡牘／简牍 (jiǎndú)
• 簡牘學／简牍学
• 素牘／素牍
• 累牘連篇／累牍连篇
• 苞苴竿牘／苞苴竿牍
• 觚牘／觚牍
• 讞牘／谳牍
• 連篇累牘／连篇累牍 (liánpiānlěidú)
• 連章累牘／连章累牍
• 長篇累牘／长篇累牍

 

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	⿰片売
Kyūjitai	牘

Kanji

牘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿰片売)

1. wooden tablet
2. letter; correspondence

Readings

• Go-on: どく (doku)
• Kan-on: とく (toku)
• Kun: かきもの (kakimono, 牘); ふだ (fuda, 牘)

Compounds

• 牘(とく)書(しょ) (tokusho)
• 案(あん)牘(とく) (antoku)
• 簡(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
• 竿(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
• 翰(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
• 觚(こ)牘(とく) (kotoku)
• 尺(しゃく)牘(どく) (shakudoku)
• 書(しょ)牘(とく) (shotoku)
• 章(しょう)牘(とく) (shōtoku)
• 寸(すん)牘(とく) (suntoku)
• 尺(せき)牘(とく) (sekitoku)
• 芳(ほう)牘(とく) (hōtoku)

 

Korean

Hanja

牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

牘: Hán Nôm readings: dộc, độc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.