犢

See also: 犊

犢	U+72A2, 犢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72A2

← 犡
[U+72A1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犣 →
[U+72A3]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional	犢
Shinjitai (extended)	㸿
Simplified	犊

Han character[edit]

犢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土田金 (HQGWC), four-corner 2458₆, composition ⿰牜賣 or ⿰牜𧶠)

calf
victim of sacrifice

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 704, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20196
Dae Jaweon: page 1117, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1821, character 2
Unihan data for U+72A2

Chinese[edit]

trad.		犢
simp.		犊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 犢
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	ljoɡs, ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”).

Other etymologies have been proposed:

Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021).
It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dú (du²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): duk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): uuk⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thu̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): tug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): dueh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
Eastern Min (BUC): dŭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): to̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dog⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸doq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dú
  - Wade–Giles: tu²
  - Yale: dú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
  - Palladius: ду (du)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: du³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: duk⁶
  - Yale: duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: uuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵk̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dueh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: to̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸doq
  - MiniDict: doh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵doq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: duwk

Rime
Character	犢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Baxter	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁok/
English	calf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犢
Reading #	1/1
No.	16050
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

犢

calf (young cow or bull)
- 天子適諸侯，諸侯膳以犢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天子适诸侯，诸侯膳以犊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Tiānzǐ shì zhūhóu, zhūhóu shàn yǐ dú. [Pinyin]
  When the Son of Heaven visits a feudal lord, the lord offers him a calf for food.
a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 小牛 (“calf”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		犢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牛犢, 小牛
Mandarin	Beijing	牛犢兒, 牛犢子
	Taiwan	牛犢, 小牛
	Harbin	牛犢子
	Yantai (Muping)	牛犢子, 牛犢兒
	Jinan	牛犢, 牛犢子, 牛犢兒
	Luoyang	牛犢
	Wanrong	牛犢
	Xi'an	牛犢子, 牛犢兒, 牛娃兒
	Yinchuan	牛巴郎, 牛巴郎郎, 牛犢子, 小牛娃娃
	Lanzhou	牛犢子
	Xining	牛犢子, 尕牛犢兒
	Ürümqi	牛娃子
	Wuhan	小牛, 牛㹙子, 㹙子
	Chengdu	小牛兒, 牛崽崽, 牛兒子
	Guiyang	小牛崽, 小牛兒
	Liuzhou	牛崽
	Xuzhou	小牛犢兒, 牛犢兒, 小牛犢子, 牛犢子
	Yangzhou	小牛
	Nanjing	牛犢子, 牛秧子
	Hefei	小牛
	Singapore	小牛
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	牛娃子, 牛娃兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牛仔
	Hong Kong	牛仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	牛仔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	牛仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	牛仔
	Dongguan	牛仔
	Yangjiang	牛仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牛仔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	牛仔
Gan	Nanchang	牛崽子
	Lichuan	牛崽兒
	Pingxiang	牛崽仔
Hakka	Meixian	細牛仔
	Changting	細牛子
	Wuping	細牛子
	Ninghua	牛仔
	Yudu	牛子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牛子, 細牛仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牛子, 細牛仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牛子, 細牛仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牛子, 細牛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牛子, 細牛仔, 細牛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牛幺
	Hong Kong	牛仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	牛仔
Huizhou	Jixi	細牛
Jin	Taiyuan	牛犢子, 牛娃子
Jin	Xinzhou	牛犢子, 小牛子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	牛仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	牛囝
	Changle	牛囝
	Fuqing	牛囝
	Yongtai	牛囝
	Gutian	牛囝
	Fu'an	牛囝
	Ningde	牛囝
	Shouning	牛囝
	Zhouning	牛囝
	Fuding	牛囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	牛仔, 牛仔囝
	Quanzhou	牛仔
	Jinjiang	牛仔
	Yongchun	牛囝
	Zhangzhou	牛仔, 牛仔囝
	Zhao'an	牛囝仔
	Kaohsiung	牛仔囝
	Yilan	牛仔囝
	Changhua (Lukang)	牛仔囝
	Taichung	牛仔囝
	Taichung (Wuqi)	牛仔囝
	Tainan	牛仔囝
	Taitung	牛仔囝
	Hsinchu	牛仔囝
	Penghu (Magong)	牛仔囝
	Penang (Hokkien)	牛囝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牛囝
	Chaozhou	牛囝
	Shantou	牛囝
	Bangkok (Teochew)	牛囝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	牛囝
	Leizhou	牛囝
	Wenchang	牛囝
	Haikou	牛囝
Puxian Min	Putian	牛囝
Puxian Min	Xianyou	牛囝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	牛崽
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	小牛
	Suzhou	小牛
	Danyang	小牛
	Hangzhou	小牛
	Ningbo	㹙
	Wenzhou	牛兒, 牛㹙兒, 㹙兒, 牛童兒
	Jinhua	小牛
Xiang	Changsha	牛崽子
	Xiangtan	牛崽唧
	Loudi	牛崽唧
	Shuangfeng	牛崽唧

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai (extended)	㸿
Kyūjitai	犢

Kanji[edit]

犢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㸿)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: どく (doku)
Kan-on: とく (toku)
Kun: こうし (koushi, 犢)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

犢

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Navigation menu

犢

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Navigation menu

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