View source for 誰

{{also|谁}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|type=jbw|strokes=15}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=149|rad=言|as=08|sn=15|four=00614|canj=YROG|ids=⿰訁隹}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[𩀕]], [[𩽀]], [[𧀣]], [[䜃]], [[𪇻]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=1165.110|dkj=35686|dj=1630.270|hdz=63987.100|uh=8AB0}}

==Chinese==

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|言|t1=speak|隹|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p}}.

===Etymology 1===
{{zh-forms|s=谁}}
From {{m|und|*du}} + {{m|und|*-i||suffix in independent pronouns}}; cognate with {{och-l|疇|who}}, {{och-l|孰|which one; who}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}). In other {{cog|sit}} languages, compare {{cog|lus|tû||who; which}}, {{cog|cdm|दोह्‌||what}}, {{cog|tbq-kuk-pro|*tuu||who; which (relativizer)}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}; STEDT).

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=shéi,shuí,1nb=vernacular,2nb=literary
|m-s=sui2
|dg=сый1
|c=seoi4
|c-t=sui3
|g=sui4
|h=pfs=sùi;gd=sui2
|j=sei1/sui1
|mb=sṳ̌
|md=sùi
|mn=sûi/tw:chûi
|mn_note=sûi - literary; chûi - vernacular
|mn-t=sui5
|w=sh:6zoe
|x=xyei2
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=pron,pn
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[who]]; [[whom]]
#: {{zh-x|他 是 誰？|'''Who''' is he?}}
#: {{zh-x|我們 的 老師 是 誰？|'''Who''' is our teacher?}}
#: {{zh-x|誰 來 了？|'''Who''' has come?}}
#: {{zh-x|我們 遲到 是 誰 的 過失？|'''Who'''se fault is it that we are late?}}
#: {{zh-x|他們 邀請 誰 了？|'''Whom''' did they invite?}}
# [[someone]]; [[anyone]]
#: {{zh-x|誰 能 幫 我 解開 安全帶？|Can '''someone''' help me to undo my seat belt?}}
#: {{zh-x|有 誰 願意 跟 我 一起 去 嗎？|Does '''anyone''' want to go with me?}}
# [[anyone]]; [[whoever]]
#: {{zh-x|誰 想 學 英文，我 就 教{jiāo} 他。|I'll teach English to '''whoever''' wants to learn it.}}
# {{surname|zh}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|兀誰|捨我其誰|誰承望|誰家|誰人|誰知|誰誰|誰何|誰行|舍我其誰|舍我復誰|鹿死誰手|阿誰|莫敢誰何|乜誰|誰們}}

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-forms|s=谁|alt=倽,上,仩}}
Contraction of {{zh-l|啥人|siáⁿ-lâng}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|mn=xm,tw,lk,yl,hc,sg:siâng/qz:sâng/twv:siáng
|dial=n
|cat=pron
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Southern Min}} [[who]]; [[whom]]

===Etymology 3===
{{zh-forms|s=谁|alt=𪝊,𫢗-Teochew}}
Contraction of {{zh-l|底人|tī-lâng}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|mn=xm,km,mg,sg:tiâng
|mn-t=diang5
|dial=n
|cat=pron
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Hokkien|including|Xiamen Hokkien|Kinmen Hokkien|Magong Hokkien|&|Singapore Hokkien|;|Teochew|;|Hainanese}} [[who]]; [[whom]]

===Etymology 4===
{{zh-forms|s=谁}}
Contraction of {{zh-l|是誰|tr=chī-chūi}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|mn=xm,qz,tw:chūi
|dial=n
|cat=pron
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Hokkien|chiefly|Xiamen Hokkien|&|Quanzhou Hokkien}} [[who]]; [[whom]]

===Etymology 5===
{{zh-forms|s=谁|alt=孰:chiâ,咜:chôa}}
From shortening of {{zh-l|是誰|tr=chī-choa̍h}}, from {{zh-l|是誰仔|tr=chī-chūi-á}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|mn=zz:choa̍h/zz:chôa/tc:chiâ
|dial=n
|cat=pron
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Hokkien|including|Zhangzhou Hokkien|&|Taichung Hokkien}} [[who]]; [[whom]]

===Synonyms===
{{zh-dial}}

===See also===
Question words
* {{zh-l|嗎|yes/no question particle}}
* {{zh-l|什麼|what}}
* {{zh-l|怎麼|how}}
* {{zh-l|什麼時候|when}}
* {{zh-l|哪|what, which}}
* {{zh-l|哪裡}}, {{zh-l|哪兒}} (where)
* {{zh-l|呢|reciprocal questions particle}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=言08}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=ずい
|kanon=すい
|kun=だれ-, た-, たれ-
}}

====Compounds====
* {{ja-r|誰%何|すい%か}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|だれ}}

{{IPAchar|/tare/}} → {{IPAchar|/dare/}}

From earlier ''tare''.<ref name="KDJ">.{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/><ref name="SMK5"/>

The ''dare'' form appears from around the {{w|Edo period}}.<ref name="DJR"/> The voicing of the initial {{IPAchar|/t-/}} to {{IPAchar|/d-/}} is likely by analogy with other interrogative demonstratives {{m|ja|何れ|tr=dore||[[which]] [[one]]}}, {{m|ja|何処|tr=doko||[[where]]}}. See etymology 2

Now the primary form, replacing earlier ''tare''.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|だれ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,SMK5}}
* {{audio|ja|Ja-dare.ogg}}

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|だれ}}

# ''[[interrogative]] [[personal pronoun]]'': [[who]], [[whom]]
#: {{ja-usex|'''誰'''が'''誰'''を作ったのか|'''だれ''' が '''だれ''' を つくった の か|'''Who''' made '''who'''?}}
#* {{quote-av|ja|year=2016|actor=w:Ryūnosuke Kamiki|role=Taki Tachibana|title={{w|君の名は。|lang=ja}}|text=お前は…'''誰'''だ？俺は　どうしてここに来た？あいつに…あいつに会うために来た。助けるために来た。生きていてほしかった。'''誰'''だ？'''誰'''？'''誰'''に会いに来た？大事な人、忘れたくない人、忘れちゃダメな人！'''誰'''だ？'''誰'''だ？'''誰'''だ…'''誰'''だ⁉名前は⁉|translation=Who… are you? Why did I come here? To see her… I came to see her. I came to save her. I wanted her to live. Who was it? Who? Who did I come to see? Someone dear to me, someone I don't wanna forget, someone I must not forget! Who was it? Who was it? Who was it… Who⁉ What's your name⁉|director=w:Makoto Shinkai|trans-title={{w|your name.}}|publisher=w:Toho|tr=O-mae wa… '''dare''' da? Ore wa dōshite koko ni kita? Aitsu ni… Aitsu ni au tame ni kita. Tasukeru tame ni kita. Ikite ite hoshikatta. '''Dare''' da? '''Dare''' da? '''Dare''' ni ai ni kita? Daiji na hito, wasuretakunai hito, wasurecha dame na hito! '''Dare''' da? '''Dare''' da? '''Dare''' da… '''Dare''' da⁉ Namae wa⁉}}
#* {{quote-av|ja|year=2016|actor=w:Mone Kamishiraishi|role=Mitsuha Miyamizu|title={{w|君の名は。|lang=ja}}|text='''誰'''？'''誰'''？あの人は'''誰'''？大事な人、忘れちゃダメな人、忘れたくなかった人！'''誰'''？'''誰'''？君は'''誰'''？君の名前は⁉|translation=Who was it? Who? Who was he? Someone I hold dear, someone I must not forget, someone I did not want to forget! Who was he? Who? Who are you? What is your name⁉|director=w:Makoto Shinkai|trans-title={{w|your name.}}|publisher=w:Toho|tr='''Dare'''? '''Dare'''? Ano hito wa '''dare'''? Daiji na hito, wasurecha dame na hito, wasuretakunakatta hito! '''Dare'''? '''Dare'''? Kimi wa '''dare'''? Kimi no namae wa⁉}}
# {{lb|ja|informal|[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|clipping]] of [[誰か]]}} [[someone]], [[anyone]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|誰誰|だれだれ|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|誰々|だれだれ}}
* {{ja-r|誰か|だれ か}}
* {{ja-r|誰彼|だれ かれ}}
* {{ja-r|誰 知らぬ|だれ しらぬ}}
* {{ja-r|誰某|だれ それ}}
* {{ja-r|誰 一人|だれ ひとり}}
* {{ja-r|誰も|だれ も}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====Idioms=====
* {{ja-r|誰言うとなく|だれ いう と なく}}
* {{ja-r|誰とはなしに|だれ と はなし に}}
* {{ja-r|誰の目にも|だれ の め に も}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|たれ}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=たれ|-}}, first attested in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'' (712 {{CE}}) alongside its older form ''ta'' (see below).

Derived from older {{m|ja||誰|tr=ta|[[who]]}} + {{m|ja|れ|tr=re||[[thing]]|pos=demonstrative nominalizer ending}}. Compare the formation of {{ja-r|これ|gloss=[[this]]}} from {{m|ja|此|tr=ko||this}} + {{ja-l||れ|tr=re}}, {{m|ja|彼|tr=kare||[[that]] [[one]], that [[person]]}} from {{m|ja|彼|tr=ka||that}} + {{ja-l||れ|re}}, etc.

[[supersede|Superseded]] by ''dare'' above starting from around the {{w|Edo period}}.<ref name="DJS"/><ref name="DJR"/> The ''tare'' form does not appear to be used anymore outside of poetry or intentionally archaic text.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|たれ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|たれ}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=たれ|archaic}} ''[[interrogative]] [[personal pronoun]]'': [[who]], [[whom]]
# {{lb|ja|informal|[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|clipping]] of [[誰か]]}} [[someone]], [[anyone]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ja}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|誰誰|たれたれ|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|誰々|たれたれ}}
* {{ja-r|誰某|たれがし}}
* {{ja-r|誰彼|たれ かれ}}
* {{ja-r|誰某|たれ それ}}, {{ja-r|誰某|たれぼう}}
* {{ja-r|誰時|たれどき}}
* {{ja-r|誰の人|たれ の ひと}}
* {{ja-r|誰人|たれびと}}
* {{ja-r|誰も|たれ も}}
* {{ja-r|誰やし人|たれ や し ひと}}
* {{ja-r|誰やの者|たれ や の もの}}
* {{ja-r|誰%故%草|タレ%ユエ%ソウ}}
* {{ja-r|彼は誰%時|あれ は たれ%どき}}
* {{ja-r|彼は誰%時|かはたれ%どき|rom=kawataredoki}}
* {{ja-r|彼は誰%星|かはたれ%ぼし|rom=kawatareboshi}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====Idioms=====
* {{ja-r|誰かある|たれ か ある}}

=====Proverbs=====
* {{ja-r|誰か烏の雌%雄を知らん|たれ か からす の し%ゆう を しらん}}

=====See also=====
{{Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|た}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=た|-}}, first attested in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'', completed roughly 712 {{CE}}.<ref name="KDJ"/>

Appears to be the oldest form.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|た}}

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|た}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=た|obsolete|persists in some fossilized expressions}} ''[[interrogative]] [[personal pronoun]]'': [[who]], [[whom]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ja}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|誰が|た が}}
* {{ja-r|誰そ|た そ}}
* {{ja-r|黄昏|たそがれ}}
* {{ja-r|誰%哉 行灯|た%そや あんどん}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====See also=====
{{Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives}}

===See also===
* {{ja-r|何方|どなた|[[who]]|pos=honorific}}
* {{ja-r|何れ|どれ}}, {{ja-r|何れ|いずれ|[[which]]}}

===References===
<references/>

{{cln|ja|interrogative pronouns}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=수}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=言08}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=thùy|rs=言08}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=言08}}