삼
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사삭삮삯산삱삲 삳살삵삶삷삸삹 삺삻삼삽삾삿샀 상샂샃샄샅샆샇 | |
삐 ← | → 새 |
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Jeju
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sino-Korean word from 三. Cognate with Korean 삼 (sam).
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]삼 (sam)
References
[edit]- “삼” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.
Korean
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [삼]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | sam |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sam |
McCune–Reischauer? | sam |
Yale Romanization? | sam |
Etymology 1
[edit]30 | ||
← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
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Native isol.: 셋 (set) Native attr.: 세 (se), (dated) 석 (seok), (archaic) 서 (seo) Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam) Hanja: 三 Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae) |
Sino-Korean word from 三.
Numeral
[edit]- (Sino-Korean numeral) three
Usage notes
[edit]In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms
[edit]- See the hanja entry at 三 for Sino-Korean compounds of 삼 (三, sam).
Etymology 2
[edit]First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean 삼〮 (Yale: sám).
Noun
[edit]삼 • (sam)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Sino-Korean word from 蔘.
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- See the hanja entry at 蔘 for Sino-Korean compounds of 삼 (蔘, sam).
Etymology 4
[edit]Verb
[edit]삼 • (sam)
- verbal noun of 사다 (sada, “to buy”)
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- jje:Three
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- Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean
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- ko:Marijuana
- Korean non-lemma forms
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- Korean numeral symbols
- ko:Three