οὗ

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See also: οὐ, οὔ, -ου, -ού, and Appendix:Variations of "oy"

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

PIE word
*swé

Accusative ἕ (hé) apparently from Proto-Hellenic *hwe = ϝέ, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“reflexive pronoun”).

Alternative forms

Pronoun

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. of him, her, it
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.165:
      ... ἐπεί ἑό [or εὑ] φημι βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι
      καὶ γενεῇ πρότερος
      ... epeí heó [or heu] phēmi bíēi polù phérteros eînai
      kaì geneêi próteros
      For I avow to be far better than him in might,
      and the elder in birth.
Usage notes

For dual and plural forms, see σφωέ (sphōé) and σφεῖς (spheîs).

Inflection
Irregular declension of —; οὗ (Attic)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative — σφεῖς
spheîs
Genitive οὗ / οὑ†
hoû / hou† 		σφῶν
sphôn
Dative οἷ / οἱ†
hoî / hoi† 		σφῐ́σῐ / σφῐ́σῐν
sphísi(n)
Accusative ἕ / ἑ†
hé / he† 		σφᾶς
sphâs
Vocative — σφεῖς
spheîs
Notes:
Irregular declension of —; εἷο (Epic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive εἷο / ἕο / ἑο† / εὗ / εὑ† / ἕθεν / ἑθεν† / ἑοῖο
heîo / héo / heo† / heû / heu† / héthen / hethen† / heoîo
Dative ἑοῖ / οἷ / οἱ†
heoî / hoî / hoi†
Accusative ἑέ / ἕ / ἑ† / μῐν† / σφε†
heé / hé / he† / min† / sphe†
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
  • ἑοῖο (heoîo) is a late form.
Irregular declension of —; εὑ† (Ionic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive εὑ†
heu†
Dative οἱ†
hoi†
Accusative ἑ† / μῐν†
he† / min†
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
Irregular declension of —; ἑοῦς (Doric)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive ἑοῦς / ἑοῦ / ϝέος / ἕθεν
heoûs / heoû / wéos / héthen
Dative οἷ / οἱ† / ϝῐ́ν / ϝοι†
hoî / hoi† / wín / woi†
Accusative ἕ / ϝέ / νῐ́ν
hé / wé / nín
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
Irregular declension of —; ϝέθεν (Aeolic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative —
Genitive ϝέθεν
wéthen
Dative ϝοι†
woi†
Accusative ϝέ
wé
Vocative —
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
  • †enclitic
  • ἑοῦς (heoûs) and ἑΐν (heḯn) are the Boeotian genitive and dative forms.
Derived terms
Related terms
  • ὅς (hós), ἑός (heós, “third singular possessive adjective”)

Descendants

  • Tsakonian: νι (ni), σι (si)

References

  • “οὗ, οἷ, ἕ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325
  • Carl Darling Buck, Introduction to the Study of the Greek Dialects, section 118
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

Etymology 2

See ὅς (hós).

Pronoun

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. masculine genitive singular of ὅς (hós)
  2. neuter genitive singular of ὅς (hós)

Adverb

οὗ • (hoû) (relative adverb)

  1. where, when
    • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 486:
      οὗ Σπερχειὸς ἄρδει πεδίον εὐμενεῖ ποτῷ
      hoû Sperkheiòs árdei pedíon eumeneî potôi
      where the Sphercheus waters the plain with kindly stream
See also
Ancient Greek correlatives (edit)
type interrogative indefinite (medial)
demonstrative		 proximal
demonstrative		 distal
demonstrative		 relative indefinite
relative		 identity other
basic τίς τις, ἔνιοι †ὁ, οὗτος ὅδε ἐκεῖνος ὅς ὅστις ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual πότερος πότερος, ποτερός ὁπότερος
quality ποῖος ποιός †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος τοιόσδε οἷος ὁποῖος ὅμοιος ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity πόσος ποσός †τόσος, τοσοῦτος τοσόσδε ὅσος ὁπόσος
manner πῶς πως †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως ὧδε ὡς ὅπως ὁμῶς ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method,
path,
place 		πῇ πῃ τῇ, ταύτῃ τῇδε ἐκείνῃ ᾗ ὅπῃ ἄλλῃ
place ποῦ, †πόθι που, †ποθι ἐνταῦθα ἐνθάδε ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι ὅπου, †ὁπόθι αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ ἄλλοθι
source πόθεν ποθεν †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖθεν ὅθεν ὁπόθεν †ὁμόθεν ἄλλοθεν
destination ποῖ, †πόσε ποι ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο ἐκεῖσε οἷ ὅποι, †ὁπόσε αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε ἄλλοσε
time πότε, πῆμος ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε τότε, τῆμος τημόσδε ὅτε, ἦμος ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος ἅμα ἄλλοτε
exact time πηνίκα †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα τηνικάδε ἡνίκα ὁπηνίκα αὐτίκα
duration of time τέως ἕως
size, age πηλίκος πηλίκος †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος τηλικόσδε ἡλίκος ὁπηλίκος ὁμῆλιξ
repetition ποσάκις, ποσίνδα ποσάκις τουτάκις, τοσάκις †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις ὁποσάκις
multiplication ποσαπλάσιος ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order πόστος ποστός ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose
Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Etymology 3

From ὅς (hós, “his”).

Adjective

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. masculine genitive singular of ὅς (hós)
  2. neuter genitive singular of ὅς (hós)

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

οὗ • (hoû)

  1. second-person singular aorist middle imperative of ἵημι (híēmi)


References

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