за-
See also: за and Appendix:Variations of "za"
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic за- (za-), from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Prefix
[edit]за- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (an action; the onset of an action)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing something gradually (slow, progressive development of an action or state)
- (used with verbs) to achieve a direct result (bringing an action to a concrete outcome)
- (used with verbs) to enter a state (becoming what is expressed by the base word)
- (used with verbs) to cause someone or something to become a certain way (making an object acquire the quality expressed by the base word)
- (used with verbs) over, around, or on the surface (performing the action over or around an object)
- (used with verbs) to attach, fasten, or connect (joining or fixing one thing to another)
- (used with verbs) towards or beyond a boundary (directing an action across a limit or threshold)
- (used with verbs) to divert or turn aside (changing the direction of an action)
- (used with verbs) to reverse the result of an action (bringing about an effect opposite to that of the base verb)
- (used with verbs) to do something intensely or for a long time (prolonged or deepened engagement in an action)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs (forms the perfective aspect without changing the base meaning)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “за-”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Macedonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]за- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
Derived terms
[edit]Old Church Slavonic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Prefix
[edit]за- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
Derived terms
[edit]Pannonian Rusyn
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Slovak za-, from Proto-Slavic *za-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]за- (za-)
- denotes completion of the action
- denotes beginning of the action
- denotes performing of the action on a larger scale
- за- (za-) + бешедовац (bešedovac) → забешедовац ше (zabešedovac še)
- за- (za-) + шедзиц (šedzic) → зашедзиц ше (zašedzic še)
- за- (za-) + робиц (robic) → заробиц ше (zarobic še)
- denotes performing of the action on a smaller scale
- denotes an action not going in the desired direction
- denotes an action moving behind something
- denotes hiding or covering of something
- за- (za-) + муровац (murovac) → замуровац (zamurovac)
- за- (za-) + фарбиц (farbic) → зафарбиц (zafarbic)
- за- (za-) + малтеровац (malterovac) → замалтеровац (zamalterovac)
- за- (za-) + криц (kric) → закриц (zakric)
- за- (za-) + градзиц (hradzic) → заградзиц (zahradzic)
- за- (za-) + везц (vezc) → завезц (zavezc)
- denotes an action encompassing the subject
- denotes becoming what the meaning of the base is, moving into a new state
- за- (za-) + пшец (pšec) → запшец (zapšec)
- за- (za-) + шаплавиц (šaplavic) → зашаплавиц (zašaplavic)
- за- (za-) + роснуц (rosnuc) → зароснуц (zarosnuc)
- за- (za-) + гуснуц (husnuc) → загуснуц (zahusnuc)
- за- (za-) + хладнуц (xladnuc) → захладнуц (zaxladnuc)
- за- (za-) + церпнуц (cerpnuc) → зацерпнуц (zacerpnuc)
- за- (za-) + млєц (mljec) → замлєц (zamljec)
- за- (za-) + думац (dumac) → задумац (zadumac)
- denotes changing of status of an item
- за- (za-) + стругац (struhac) → застругац (zastruhac)
- за- (za-) + нїтовац (njitovac) → занїтовац (zanjitovac)
- за- (za-) + плєсц (pljesc) → заплєсц (zapljesc)
- за- (za-) + чесац (česac) → зачесац (začesac)
- за- (za-) + гласкац (hlaskac) → загласкац (zahlaskac)
- за- (za-) + лїчиц (ljičic) → залїчиц (zaljičic)
- за- (za-) + глобиц (hlobic) → заглобиц (zahlobic)
- denotes being paid or rewarded for work
- (with nouns) trans-
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M. (1997), “ЗА-”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (О – Ш), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 883
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]за- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- за- (za-) + говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, “to speak”) → заговори́ть pf (zagovorítʹ, “to begin to speak”)
- (used with verbs) in advance (describing an action of doing something ahead of time)
- за- (za-) + гото́вить impf (gotóvitʹ, “to prepare”) → загото́вить pf (zagotóvitʹ, “to prepare”)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- за- (za-) + бетони́ровать impf (betonírovatʹ, “to concrete”) → забетони́ровать pf (zabetonírovatʹ, “to concrete”)
- за- (za-) + по́лнить impf (pólnitʹ, “to fill”) (now archaic, not to be confused with полни́ть (polnítʹ)) → запо́лнить pf (zapólnitʹ, “to fill”)
- за- (za-) + асфальти́ровать impf (asfalʹtírovatʹ, “to asphalt, to resurface”) → заасфальти́ровать pf (zaasfalʹtírovatʹ, “to asphalt, to resurface”)
- за- (za-) + бели́ть impf (belítʹ, “to whitewash, to whiten”) → забели́ть pf (zabelítʹ, “to whitewash, to whiten”)
- (used with verbs) to the finish, to the end (describing a completed result)
- за- (za-) + верши́ть impf (veršítʹ, “to manage, control, direct”) (literary) → заверши́ть pf (zaveršítʹ, “to finish, complete, accomplish”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action of covering something, of being covered, or hiding behind something
- за- (za-) + ржа́веть, ржаве́ть impf (ržávetʹ, ržavétʹ, “to become rusty”) → заржа́веть, заржаве́ть pf (zaržávetʹ, zaržavétʹ, “to become rusty (as an emphasis, by being covered with rust)”)
- за- (za-) + целова́ть impf (celovátʹ, “to kiss”) → зацелова́ть pf (zacelovátʹ, “to cover with kisses (denoting kissing many times, that one's body is fully covered with kisses)”)
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
- за- (za-) + чита́ть impf (čitátʹ, “to read”) → зачита́ть pf (začitátʹ, “to read (a book, as well as not returning it back; until it becomes all torn apart; simply reading out loud, denoting that the loud voice is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + сиде́ть impf (sidétʹ, “to sit”) → засиде́ться pf (zasidétʹsja, “to sit down, to stay for quite a long time (denoting that the long duration of sitting is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + ду́мать impf (dúmatʹ, “to think”) → заду́мать pf (zadúmatʹ, “to devise”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action that implies the existence of barriers, obstacles, or hindrance
- за- (za-) + баллоти́ровать impf (ballotírovatʹ, “to vote (for someone)”) → забаллоти́ровать pf (zaballotírovatʹ, “to fail to elect”)
- за- (za-) + держа́ть impf (deržátʹ, “to hold, keep, support”) → задержа́ть pf (zaderžátʹ, “to detain, delay”)
- (with a reflexive verb) to do with abandonment
- за- (za-) + говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, “to speak”) + -ся (-sja) → заговори́ться pf (zagovorítʹsja, “to spout nonsense; to rattle on; to have a long talk with, forgetting the time”)
- (used with nouns, in place names) trans-
- за- (za-) + Карпа́ты (Karpáty, “Carpathians”) + -ье (-ʹje) → Закарпа́тье (Zakarpátʹje, “Transcarpathia”)
- за- (za-) + Кавка́з (Kavkáz, “Caucasus”) + -ье (-ʹje) → Закавка́зье (Zakavkázʹje, “Transcaucasia”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
- the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ать and -нуть: e.g. за́стланный (zástlannyj) from застла́ть (zastlátʹ), за́званный (zázvannyj) from зазва́ть (zazvátʹ), за́гнутый (zágnutyj) from загну́ть (zagnútʹ), за́мкнутый (zámknutyj) from замкну́ть (zamknútʹ);
- the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. за́лил, зали́л (zálil, zalíl, masculine singular past tense) from зали́ть (zalítʹ, “to flood, to stain, etc.”);
- some deverbal nouns: e.g. за́говор (zágovor, “conspiracy; charm, spell”) from заговори́ть (zagovorítʹ, “to charm, to enchant”), за́морозки (zámorozki, “light frost”) from заморо́зить (zamorózitʹ, “to freeze”) + -ки (-ki), за́пись (zápisʹ, “recording”) from записа́ть (zapisátʹ, “to record”);
- some adverbs: e.g. за́мужем (zámužem, “married (of a woman)”), за́просто (záprosto, “without ceremony (colloquial)”).
Derived terms
[edit]Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]за- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- за- (za-) + говори́ти impf (hovorýty, “to speak”) → заговори́ти pf (zahovorýty, “to begin to speak”)
- (used with verbs) in advance (describing an action of doing something ahead of time)
- за- (za-) + готувати impf (hotuvaty, “to prepare”) → заготувати pf (zahotuvaty, “to prepare”)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- за- (za-) + бетонувати impf (betonuvaty, “to concrete”) → забетонувати pf (zabetonuvaty, “to concrete”)
- за- (za-) + по́внити impf (póvnyty, “to fill”) (now archaic, not to be confused with повни́ти (povnýty)) → запо́внити pf (zapóvnyty, “to fill”)
- за- (za-) + асфальтувати impf (asfalʹtuvaty, “to asphalt, to resurface”) → заасфальтувати pf (zaasfalʹtuvaty, “to asphalt, to resurface”)
- за- (za-) + біли́ти impf (bilýty, “to whitewash, to whiten”) → забіли́ти pf (zabilýty, “to whitewash, to whiten”)
- (used with verbs) to the finish, to the end (describing a completed result)
- за- (za-) + верши́ти impf (veršýty, “to manage, control, direct”) (literary) → заве́ршити pf (zavéršyty, “to finish, complete, accomplish”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action of covering something, of being covered, or hiding behind something
- за- (za-) + іржа́віти impf (iržávity, “to become rusty”) → заіржавіти pf (zairžavity, “to become rusty (as an emphasis, by being covered with rust)”)
- за- (za-) + цілува́ти impf (ciluváty, “to kiss”) → зацілува́ти pf (zaciluváty, “to cover with kisses (denoting kissing many times, that one's body is fully covered with kisses)”)
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
- за- (za-) + чита́ти impf (čytáty, “to read”) → зачита́ти pf (začytáty, “to read (a book, as well as not returning it back; until it becomes all torn apart; simply reading out loud, denoting that the loud voice is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + сидіти impf (sydity, “to sit”) → засидітися pf (zasyditysja, “to sit down, to stay for quite a long time (denoting that the long duration of sitting is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + ду́мати impf (dúmaty, “to think”) → заду́мати pf (zadúmaty, “to devise”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action that implies the existence of barriers, obstacles, or hindrance
- за- (za-) + балотувати impf (balotuvaty, “to vote (for someone)”) → забалотувати pf (zabalotuvaty, “to fail to elect”)
- за- (za-) + трима́ти impf (trymáty, “to hold, keep, support”) → затри́мати pf (zatrýmaty, “to detain, delay”)
- (with a reflexive verb) to do with abandonment
- за- (za-) + говори́ти impf (hovorýty, “to speak”) + -ся (-sja) → заговори́тися pf (zahovorýtysja, “to spout nonsense; to rattle on; to have a long talk with, forgetting the time”)
- (used with nouns, in place names) trans-
- за- (za-) + Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians”) + -тя (-tja) → Закарпа́ття (Zakarpáttja, “Transcarpathia”)
- за- (za-) + Кавка́з (Kavkáz, “Caucasus”) + -зя (-zja) → Закавка́ззя (Zakavkázzja, “Transcaucasia”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
- the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ати and -нути: e.g. за́стланий (zástlanyj) from застла́ти (zastláty), за́званий (zázvanyj) from зазва́ти (zazváty), за́гнутий (záhnutyj) from загну́ти (zahnúty), за́мкнений (zámknenyj) from замкну́ти (zamknúty);
- the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. за́лив, зали́в (zályv, zalýv, masculine singular past tense) from зали́ти (zalýty, “to flood, to stain, etc.”);
- some deverbal nouns: e.g. за́говір (záhovir, “conspiracy; charm, spell”) from заговори́ти (zahovorýty, “to charm, to enchant”), за́пис (zápys, “recording”) from записа́ти (zapysáty, “to record”);
- some adverbs
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian 1-syllable words
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian prefixes
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian prefixes
- Macedonian verbal prefixes
- Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic lemmas
- Old Church Slavonic prefixes
- Old Church Slavonic verbal prefixes
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Pannonian Rusyn terms inherited from Old Slovak
- Pannonian Rusyn terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Pannonian Rusyn terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Pannonian Rusyn terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Old Slovak
- Pannonian Rusyn 1-syllable words
- Pannonian Rusyn terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/a
- Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/a/1 syllable
- Pannonian Rusyn terms with homophones
- Pannonian Rusyn lemmas
- Pannonian Rusyn prefixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prefixes
- Russian verbal prefixes
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prefixes
- Ukrainian verbal prefixes