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ขึ้น

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ขน, ขุน, and ข้น

Thai

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Pronunciation

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Orthographic/Phonemicขึ้น
kʰ ụ ˆ n
RomanizationPaiboonkʉ̂n
Royal Institutekhuen
(standard) IPA(key)/kʰɯn˥˩/(R)

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Tai *χɯnꟲ (to ascend).

Cognate with Isan ขึ้น, Lao ຂຶ້ນ (khưn), Northern Thai ᨡᩧ᩠᩶ᨶ, Khün ᨡᩨ᩠᩶ᨶ, ᦃᦹᧃᧉ (ẋuen²), Tai Dam ꪄꪳ꫁ꪙ, Tai Dón ꪄꪳꪙꫂ, Shan ၶိုၼ်ႈ (khūen), Tai Nüa ᥑᥪᥢᥲ (xùen), Phake ၵ︀ိုꩫ︀် (khün), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khün), Zhuang hwnj, Zuojiang Zhuang kwnj. Compare Proto-Be *kəːnᴮᶜ¹ and Proto-Hlai *kʰaːn.

Verb

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ขึ้น (kʉ̂n) (abstract noun การขึ้น)

  1. (of a moon) to wax
  2. to move or go up, upwards, frontwards, northwards, or eastwards
    ขึ้นเหนือ
    kʉ̂n nʉ̌ʉa
    to go up north
    ระหว่างเครื่องบินขึ้น
    rá-wàang krʉ̂ʉang-bin kʉ̂n
    as the airplane goes upwards; takes off
  3. to come above the horizon, as a heavenly body
    พระอาทิตย์ขึ้นตอนตีห้า
    prá aa-tít kʉ̂n dtɔɔn dtii hâa
    The sun comes above the horizon at five AM.
  4. to rise to a higher point, rank, degree, level, order, etc.
    ระดับน้ำขึ้นสูงจากเมื่อวาน
    rá-dàp náam kʉ̂n sǔung jàak mʉ̂ʉa-waan
    The water level has risen from yesterday.
  5. to make or become greater, as in number, size, strength, quality, quantity, volume, etc.
    กระทรวงไม่ขึ้นเงินเดือนให้กับแพทย์และพยาบาล
    grà-suuang mâi kʉ̂n ngən-dʉʉan hâi gàp pɛ̂ɛt lɛ́ pá-yaa-baan
    The ministry refuses to raise the salaries of doctors and nurses.
  6. to become acute, strong, or vehement, as sensations, feelings, or emotions
  7. to commence; to start
  8. to make a record of; to record or register
    ขึ้นทะเบียนผู้อพยพ
    kʉ̂n tá-biian pûu òp-pá-yóp
    to register (as) refugees
  9. to be under or subject to the authority, direction, supervision, or influence of another person, entity, etc.
    โรงพยาบาลนี้ขึ้นต่อกระทรวงสาธารณสุข
    roong-pá-yaa-baan níi kʉ̂n dtɔ̀ɔ grà-suuang sǎa-taa-rá-ná-sùk
    This hospital is under the authority of the Ministry of Public Health.
  10. to insert an arrow, shot, etc, into a bow, crossbow, or the like
  11. to assume or cause to assume a form, as a bronze figure, plaster figure, piece of wickerwork, etc.
    รูปปั้นนี้ขึ้นรูปจากดินเหนียวก่อน
    rûup-bpân níi kʉ̂n rûup jàak din nǐao gɔ̀ɔn
    This statue assumed a form from clay first.
  12. to obtain cash for a check, money order, lottery, etc.
    อย่าลืมไปขึ้นเช็กที่ธนาคาร
    yàa lʉʉm bpai kʉ̂n chék tîi tá-naa-kaan
    Do not forget to cash for a check at the bank.
  13. to place or keep in a treasury, depository, warehouse, etc.
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of to go up, up): ลง (long)

Adverb

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ขึ้น (kʉ̂n)

  1. up; upwards
  2. frontally; frontwards
  3. northerly; northwards
  4. easterly; eastwards
  5. in or to a greater extent or degree
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of upwards, up): ลง (long)

Adjective

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ขึ้น (kʉ̂n)

  1. (of a moon) waxing

Noun

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ขึ้น (kʉ̂n)

  1. waxing moon
  2. (lunar calendar) day of the waxing moon, as opposed to แรม (rɛɛm, day of the waning moon)
Synonyms
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Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Semantic extension of Etymology 1?”)

Verb

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ขึ้น (kʉ̂n)

  1. to depend on, be dependent
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • ขึ้น” in Thai Dictionary Project (TDP) (UC Berkeley 1964) (plus additional data from the Royal Institute of Thailand (RI) and NECTEC's LEXITRON project (LEX)). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.