匈

Translingual

Han character

匈 (Kangxi radical 20, 勹+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心山大 (PUK), four-corner 2772₀, composition ⿹勹凶)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 151, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2512
• Dae Jaweon: page 340, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 258, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5308

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		匈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匈
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (凶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
酗	*qʰos
凶	*qʰoŋ
匈	*qʰoŋ
兇	*qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ
訩	*qʰoŋ
胸	*qʰoŋ
胷	*qʰoŋ
洶	*qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ
恟	*qʰoŋ
詾	*qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoŋ) : semantic 勹 + phonetic 凶 (OC *qʰoŋ). The derivative 胸 refers to the original word.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 匈 – see 胸 (“chest; thorax; breast; bosom; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 胸).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiōng (xiong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): heng / hiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syong
    • Wade–Giles: hsiung¹
    • Yale: syūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
    • Palladius: сюн (sjun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hung¹
    • Yale: hūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng / hiong
    • Tâi-lô: hing / hiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hefng, hiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³/, /hiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: xjowng

Rime
Character	匈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許容切
Baxter	xjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huawŋ/
Li Rong	/xioŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匈
Reading #	1/1
No.	13890
Phonetic component	凶
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胷
Old Chinese	/*qʰoŋ/
Notes	説文胷字見集韻

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 匈

1. Hun, Hunnic
2. Short for 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì, “Hungary, Hungarian”).
3. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 凶 (xiōng, “famine”).
4. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fearful; fierce; ferocious”).

Usage notes

This character is only used in some proper nouns and is not productive in modern Chinese. See 匈奴 (Xiōngnú) and 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì).

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Japanese

Kanji

匈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: むね (mune, 匈); おそれる (osoreru); さわぐ (sawagu)

Noun

匈(きょう) • (kyō) 

1. Abbreviation of 匈牙利. Hungary

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Korean

Hanja

匈 • (hyung)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 흉 (revised: hyung, McCune–Reischauer: hyung)
  • Name (hangeul): 오랑캐
    (revised: orangkae, McCune–Reischauer: orangk'ae)

1. barbarian
2. savage
3. foreigner

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Vietnamese

Han character

匈: Hán Nôm readings: hung

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.