堤

Translingual

Han character

堤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日一人 (GAMO), four-corner 4618₁, composition ⿰土是)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5259
• Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 36
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 463, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5824

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		堤
alternative forms		隄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (是) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鞮	*teː
隄	*teː, *deː
堤	*teː, *teːʔ, *dje
鍉	*teː
蝭	*teːs, *deː
醍	*tʰeːʔ, *deː
緹	*tʰeːʔ, *deː
提	*deː, *dje
瑅	*deː
題	*deː, *deːs
媞	*deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ
褆	*deː, *deʔ, *djeʔ
禔	*deː, *tje, *dje
騠	*deː
趧	*deː
鯷	*deː, *deːs, *djes
踶	*deːs, *deʔ
徥	*deʔ, *djeʔ
匙	*dje
是	*djeʔ
諟	*djeʔ
翨	*hljes, *kles
睼	*tʰeːns
寔	*djɯɡ
湜	*dɯɡ
遈	*djɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teː, *teːʔ, *dje) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dī, tí

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ, ㄊㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tai⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thê

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dī
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: di
    • Wade–Giles: ti¹
    • Yale: dī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: di
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tí
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi²
    • Yale: tí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tai⁴
    • Yale: tàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐi̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê
    • Tâi-lô: thê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tee
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰe²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰe²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰe¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰe²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰe²³/

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• Middle Chinese: tej

Rime
Character	堤
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都奚切
Baxter	tej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tei/
Pan Wuyun	/tei/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛj/
Li Rong	/tei/
Wang Li	/tiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/tiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dai1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*teː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堤
Reading #	1/3
No.	11614
Phonetic component	是
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	低
Old Chinese	/*teː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堤

1. dyke; embankment
2. ^† base of bottles

Usage notes

Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian ((deprecated template usage) 《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation tí.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tǐ (ti³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǐ
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi³
    • Yale: tǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tii
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi²¹⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tejX

Rime
Character	堤
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都禮切
Baxter	tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teiX/
Pan Wuyun	/teiX/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjX/
Li Rong	/teiX/
Wang Li	/tieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dai2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*teːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堤
Reading #	2/3
No.	11616
Phonetic component	是
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	邸
Old Chinese	/*teːʔ/
Notes	與坻通

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堤

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 坁 (zhǐ, “to stop”).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí, tí (shi², ti²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ, ㄊㄧˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
    • Wade–Giles: shih²
    • Yale: shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tí
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi²
    • Yale: tí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzye

Rime
Character	堤
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是支切
Baxter	dzye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʑie/
Wang Li	/ʑǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*dje/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堤
Reading #	3/3
No.	11643
Phonetic component	是
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	提
Old Chinese	/*dje/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堤

1. ^† Only used in 堤封 (shífēng, “in total; approximately”).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wéi (wei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堤

1. ^‡ Used in place names.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

堤

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: たい (tai)
• Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつみ (tsutsumi, 堤, Jōyō)

Noun

堤(つつみ) • (tsutsumi) 

1. dike

Proper noun

堤(つつみ) or 堤(proper) • (tsutsumi or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|つつみ]]

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

堤 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 堤 (chỉ, đê)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.