憐

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See also: 怜
憐 U+6190, 憐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6190
← 憏
[U+618F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 憑 →
[U+6191]
憐 U+F98F, 憐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98F
← 年
[U+F98E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 戀 →
[U+F990]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

憐 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心火木手 (PFDQ), four-corner 99059, composition ⿰忄粦)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 402, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11206
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6190

Chinese[edit]

trad. 憐
simp. 怜*

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (粦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潾 *rriːn, *rin
膦 *renʔ
憐 *riːn
燐 *rin, *rins
鄰 *rin
轔 *rin, *rins
嶙 *rin, *rinʔ
粼 *rin, *rins
磷 *rin, *rins
疄 *rin, *rins
麟 *rin
鱗 *rin
璘 *rin
翷 *rin
瞵 *rin, *rins
獜 *rin, *reːŋ
驎 *rin
鏻 *rin, *rins, *reːŋ
繗 *rin
僯 *rinʔ
橉 *rinʔ, *rins
撛 *rinʔ, *rins
遴 *rins
粦 *rins
甐 *rins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːn): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lîn - vernacular;
  • liân - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - Shantou;
  • liêng5 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 憐
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 先 (85)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 落賢切
    Baxter len
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/len/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/len/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɛn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɛn/
    Li
    Rong         		/len/
    Wang
    Li         		/lien/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lien/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lián
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lin4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 憐
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lián
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ len ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*rˁiŋ/
    English love; pity

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 憐
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8193
    Phonetic
    component         		粦
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		蓮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*riːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    憐

    1. to pity; to sympathize
      Synonym: 憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)
    2. to love tenderly

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    憐

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. sympathy
    2. pity
    3. treasure
    4. dote on

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), South Korea 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))

    1. Hanja form? of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    憐: Hán Nôm readings: lân, liên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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