油断
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
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油 | 断 |
ゆ Grade: 3 |
だん Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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油斷 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]Unclear, with multiple theories.
- From the story of the 油鉢 (yuhatsu, “pot of oil”) in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra (大般涅槃経); see 大般涅槃経#油断大敵.
- 譬如世間有諸大眾,滿二十五里。王敕一臣持一油缽,經由中過,莫令傾覆。若棄一滴,當斷汝命。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Pìrú shìjiān yǒu zhū dàzhòng, mǎn èrshíwǔ lǐ. Wáng chì yī chén chí yī yóubō, jīngyóu zhōng guò, mò lìng qīngfù. Ruò qì yī dī, dāng duàn rǔ mìng. [Pinyin]
- For example, in our world there is a large crowd, filling 25 li. The king ordered a minister: "Carry a pot of oil and pass through the crowd; do not let it tip. If a single drop falls out, your life shall end."
譬如世间有诸大众,满二十五里。王敕一臣持一油钵,经由中过,莫令倾覆。若弃一滴,当断汝命。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Sound change from 寛に (yuta ni).
- There is a lamp in Enryaku-ji (延暦寺) that has been alight since the time of Saichō (最澄), its founder, and 油断 (literally “oil + end”) refers to not letting it go out.
The term is not understood in other parts of the Sinosphere.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 油断大敵 (yudantaiteki, “unpreparedness is the greatest enemy”)
Verb
[edit]油断する • (yudan suru) suru (stem 油断し (yudan shi), past 油断した (yudan shita))
- to be caught off-guard; to be unprepared
- 油断するな
- yudan suruna
- don't let [me, them, …] catch you off-guard; keep your guard up; stay alert
- 油断するな
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "油断する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 油断し | ゆだんし | yudan shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 油断し | ゆだんし | yudan shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 油断する | ゆだんする | yudan suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 油断する | ゆだんする | yudan suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 油断すれ | ゆだんすれ | yudan sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 油断せよ¹ 油断しろ² |
ゆだんせよ¹ ゆだんしろ² |
yudan seyo¹ yudan shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 油断される | ゆだんされる | yudan sareru | |
Causative | 油断させる 油断さす |
ゆだんさせる ゆだんさす |
yudan saseru yudan sasu | |
Potential | 油断できる | ゆだんできる | yudan dekiru | |
Volitional | 油断しよう | ゆだんしよう | yudan shiyō | |
Negative | 油断しない | ゆだんしない | yudan shinai | |
Negative continuative | 油断せず | ゆだんせず | yudan sezu | |
Formal | 油断します | ゆだんします | yudan shimasu | |
Perfective | 油断した | ゆだんした | yudan shita | |
Conjunctive | 油断して | ゆだんして | yudan shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 油断すれば | ゆだんすれば | yudan sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 油 read as ゆ
- Japanese terms spelled with 断 read as だん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Japanese terms with usage examples