磽

See also: 硗

Translingual

Han character

磽 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一口土土山 (MRGGU), four-corner 1461₁, composition ⿰石堯)

1. hard and infertile

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24494
• Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2455, character 3
• Unihan data for U+78FD

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Chinese

trad.		磽
simp.		硗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撓	*hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃	*rŋaːw
譊	*rŋaːw
橈	*rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽	*ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝	*ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘	*hŋreːw
顤	*hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒	*hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒	*ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯	*ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘	*ŋjew
襓	*ŋjew
繞	*ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶	*ŋjewʔ
嬈	*njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬	*ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺	*ŋ̊ʰew
翹	*ɡew, *ɡews
澆	*ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍	*ŋkeːw
僥	*kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯	*ŋeːw
垚	*ŋeːw
嶢	*ŋeːw
獟	*ŋeːws
膮	*hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵	*hŋeːw
憢	*hŋeːw
曉	*hŋeːwʔ
皢	*hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiāo (qiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao¹
    • Yale: chyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
    • Palladius: цяо (cjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haau¹
    • Yale: hāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khau
    • Tâi-lô: khau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khaew, khewX, ngaewH

Rime
Character	磽	磽	磽
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	蕭 (93)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV	II
Fanqie	口交切	苦皎切	五敎切
Baxter	khaew	khewX	ngaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠau/	/kʰeuX/	/ŋˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚau/	/kʰeuX/	/ŋᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰau/	/kʰeuX/	/ŋauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨw/	/kʰɛwX/	/ŋaɨwH/
Li Rong	/kʰau/	/kʰeuX/	/ŋauH/
Wang Li	/kʰau/	/kʰieuX/	/ŋauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰau/	/kʰieuX/	/ŋauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiāo	qiǎo	yào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau1	hiu2	ngaau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʰˤrew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰreːw/, /*ŋreːws/, /*ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ khæw ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʰˁrew/
English	stony soil
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磽	磽	磽
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	14661	14663	14688
Phonetic component	垚	垚	垚
Rime group	宵	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	敲	樂	磽
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰreːw/	/*ŋreːws/	/*ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 磽

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

磽

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. rocky
2. barren

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)

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Korean

Hanja

磽 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.