篤

See also: 笃

Translingual

Han character

篤 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸手火 (HSQF), four-corner 8832₇, composition ⿱𥫗馬)

1. deep, true, sincere, genuine

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 894, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26344
• Dae Jaweon: page 1321, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2997, character 6
• Unihan data for U+7BE4

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Chinese

trad.		篤
simp.		笃
alternative forms		䐁 (Cantonese) end; bottom 𡰪 (Cantonese) end; bottom

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
竺	*tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤	*tuːɡ
竹	*tuɡ
筑	*tuɡ, *duɡ
築	*tuɡ
茿	*tuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ) : phonetic 竹 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuːk (“deep; thick”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འཐུག་པ ('thug pa, “thick; deep”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dǔ (du³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk¹
• Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tauh / tok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dog⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǔ
    • Wade–Giles: tu³
    • Yale: dǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duu
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk¹
    • Yale: dūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tauh / tok
    • Tâi-lô: tauh / tok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dauq, dog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tauʔ⁵/, /tɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tok̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 篤
Mandarin	Beijing	/tu³⁵/
	Harbin	/tu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/tu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/tu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/tu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tu²¹/
	Xining	/tv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/fu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/tu³¹/
	Guiyang	/tu²¹³/
	Kunming	/tu³¹/
	Nanjing	/tuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/tuəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/tuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/toʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/toʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/toʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/to²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/tuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/to⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/təɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/tuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/tuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tok̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/touʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tu²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tok̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdok̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: towk

Rime
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	沃 (6)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	冬毒切
Baxter	towk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tuok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawk̚/
Li Rong	/tok̚/
Wang Li	/tuok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	du
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤuk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ towk ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁuk/
English	firm, solid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
No.	17587
Phonetic component	竹
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	篤
Old Chinese	/*tuːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 篤

1. honest; sincere

   言忠信，行篤敬 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   言忠信，行笃敬 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   yán zhōng xìn, xíng dǔ jìng [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. seriously ill
3. (Cantonese) to poke; to prod
4. (Cantonese) end; bottom
5. (Cantonese) Classifier for excreta. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
6. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戳
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	戳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	篤, 㓤
	Macau	篤
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	篤
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	㓤
	Foshan	篤
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	篤
	Foshan (Shunde)	篤
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戳
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	篤
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	篤
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	篤
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	篤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	篤
	Taishan	篤
	Kaiping (Chikan)	篤
	Enping (Niujiang)	篤
	Heshan (Yayao)	戳
	Dongguan	篤
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	㓤
	Nanning	篤
	Yulin	篤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	㓤
Hakka	Meixian	⿰㞘刂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	揰
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Quanzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Jinjiang	鑿
	Zhangzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Tainan	鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	鑿
	Shantou	捅
	Puning	𠜙
Wu	Shanghai	戳
	Suzhou	戳
	Wuxi	戳
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

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Japanese

Kanji

篤

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): とく (toku, Jōyō)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 篤い)

Proper noun

篤(あつし) or 篤(proper) • (atsushi or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|あつし]]

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

篤 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

篤 (đốc, dóc, dốc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.