要求

Chinese

		important; vital; to want important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce	to seek; to look for; to request to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
trad. (要求)		要	求
simp. #(要求)		要	求

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yāoqiú

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹ kau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-khiù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iau-kiû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ieu¹ kiu⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹iau-jieu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yāoqiú
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yaocióu
    • Wade–Giles: yao¹-chʻiu²
    • Yale: yāu-chyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauchyou
    • Palladius: яоцю (jaocju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Note: Note pronunciation of 要.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jiu¹ kau⁴
    • Yale: yīu kàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹ kau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹ keo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
    • Hakka Romanization System: ieu´ kiuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ kiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu´ kiuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ kiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau-kiû
    • Tâi-lô: iau-kiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iau'kiuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iau⁴⁴⁻²² kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iau³³ kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau⁴⁴⁻²² kiu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iau⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iau⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ieu¹ kiu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iṳu khiû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɯu³³⁻²³ kʰiu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹iau-jieu
    • MiniDict: iau^平 jieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹iau-jjieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑiɤ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jiew gjuw

Rime
Character	要	求
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於霄切	巨鳩切
Baxter	'jiew	gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiᴇu/	/ɡɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɛu/	/ɡiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjæu/	/ɡiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiaw/	/guw/
Li Rong	/ʔiɛu/	/ɡiu/
Wang Li	/ĭɛu/	/ɡĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛu/	/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāo	qiú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu1	kau4

Verb

要求

1. to ask; to request; to require; to demand; to claim

   要求某人做某事 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   yāoqiú mǒurén zuò mǒushì [Pinyin]

   to ask somebody to do something

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

• 乞丐 (qǐgài) (archaic)
• 乞憐／乞怜 (qǐlián) (to beg for pity)
• 乞求 (qǐqiú)
• 哀告 (āigào)
• 哀求 (āiqiú)
• 央告 (yānggào)
• 央求 (yāngqiú)
• 憑／凭 (píng) (literary)
• 懇求／恳求 (kěnqiú)
• 懇請／恳请 (kěnqǐng)
• 求 (qiú)
• 沽情 (Hokkien)
• 煩請／烦请 (fánqǐng) (honorific, polite)
• 祈求 (qíqiú) (to pray for)
• 祈祝 (qízhù) (literary)
• 祝禱／祝祷 (zhùdǎo) (literary)
• 請／请
• 請求／请求 (qǐngqiú)

 

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 要求

1. request; requirement; demand; claim (Classifier: 點／点)

   提要求  ―  tí yāoqiú  ―  to make a request

   著裝要求／着装要求  ―  zhuózhuāng yāoqiú  ―  dress code

   領土要求／领土要求  ―  lǐngtǔ yāoqiú  ―  territorial claim

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (要求):

• → Japanese: 要求(ようきゅう) (yōkyū)
• → Korean: 요구(要求) (yogu)
• → Vietnamese: yêu cầu (要求)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
要	求
よう Grade: 4	きゅう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 要求 (MC 'jiew gjuw).

Noun

要(よう)求(きゅう) • (yōkyū) 

1. demand; firm request; requirement

   要求(ようきゅう)を無視(むし)した。

   Yōkyū o mushi shita.

   They did not listen to our demands.

Verb

要(よう)求(きゅう)する • (yōkyū suru) transitive suru (stem 要(よう)求(きゅう)し (yōkyū shi), past 要(よう)求(きゅう)した (yōkyū shita))

1. to demand

Conjugation

Conjugation of "要求する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	要求し	ようきゅうし	yōkyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	要求し	ようきゅうし	yōkyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	要求する	ようきゅうする	yōkyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	要求する	ようきゅうする	yōkyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	要求すれ	ようきゅうすれ	yōkyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	要求せよ¹ 要求しろ²	ようきゅうせよ¹ ようきゅうしろ²	yōkyū seyo¹ yōkyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	要求される	ようきゅうされる	yōkyū sareru
Causative	要求させる 要求さす	ようきゅうさせる ようきゅうさす	yōkyū saseru yōkyū sasu
Potential	要求できる	ようきゅうできる	yōkyū dekiru
Volitional	要求しよう	ようきゅうしよう	yōkyū shiyō
Negative	要求しない	ようきゅうしない	yōkyū shinai
Negative continuative	要求せず	ようきゅうせず	yōkyū sezu
Formal	要求します	ようきゅうします	yōkyū shimasu
Perfective	要求した	ようきゅうした	yōkyū shita
Conjunctive	要求して	ようきゅうして	yōkyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	要求すれば	ようきゅうすれば	yōkyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
要	求

Noun

要求 • (yogu) (hangeul 요구)

1. Hanja form^? of 요구 (“demand; claim”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
要	求

Verb

要求

1. Template:han tu form of

Noun

要求

1. Template:han tu form of