觀音
See also: 观音
Chinese
[edit]| observing | sound(s) cry(/ies) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (觀音) | 觀 | 音 | |
| simp. (观音) | 观 | 音 | |
Etymology
[edit]“[One who] Observes Sounds”, in reference to the prayers and cries of sentient beings who need help, a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितस्वर (avalokitasvara, literally “down-observe-sound”), the original form of अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara, “Avalokiteśvara”), the bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.
Synonymous with 觀世音／观世音 (Guānshìyīn, “One who Observes the Sounds of the World”), which interpreted the middle element of the Sanskrit compound as लोक (loka, “world”). The shorter form became more common during the Tang dynasty to avoid naming the taboo personal name of Emperor Taizong of Tang, 李世民.
Compare Tibetan སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས (spyan ras gzigs, literally “one who looks down with an unwavering eye”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gun1 jam1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gon1 yim1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): guan1 ing1
- Eastern Min (BUC): Guăng-ĭng→nĭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua1 ing1 / guann1 ing1 / guang1 ing1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kuoe-in
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Guānyīn
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Guanyin
- Wade–Giles: Kuan1-yin1
- Yale: Gwān-yīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guanin
- Palladius: Гуаньинь (Guanʹinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gun1 jam1
- Yale: gūn yām
- Cantonese Pinyin: gun1 jam1
- Guangdong Romanization: gun1 yem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuːn⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gon1 yim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kᵘɔn³³ jim³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kôn-yîm
- Hakka Romanization System: gonˊ imˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gon1 yim1
- Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kôn-yîm
- Hakka Romanization System: gonˊ (r)imˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gon1 yim1
- Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)im²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gonˋ rhimˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kon⁵³ ʒim⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: guan1 ing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuæ̃¹¹ iŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Guăng-ĭng→nĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵ nˡiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua1 ing1 [Phonetic: gua5 ing1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guaⁿ-ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: guann1 ing1 [Phonetic: guann5 ing1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: guang1 ing1 [Phonetic: guang5 nging1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guang-ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ (Ø-)ŋiŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Note:
- guêng1 im1 - Chaohzou;
- guang1 im1 - Jieyang.
- Middle Chinese: kwan 'im
Proper noun
[edit]觀音
- (～菩薩) (Buddhism) Guanyin
- (～區, formerly ～鄉) Guanyin (a district of Taoyuan, Taiwan, formerly a rural township)
- (～鎮) Guanyin (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)
Usage notes
[edit]Although Avalokiteśvara was reckoned a male figure and Guanyin was first depicted as a male in Chinese art, she is now almost always understood to be and referenced as a goddess or female boddhisattva.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 千手千眼觀音 / 千手千眼观音 (Qiān Shǒu Qiān Yǎn Guānyīn)
- 千手觀音 / 千手观音
- 水月觀音 / 水月观音
- 活觀音 / 活观音
- 白衣觀音 / 白衣观音
- 觀音佛祖 / 观音佛祖
- 觀音兜 / 观音兜
- 觀音兵 / 观音兵 (guānyīnbīng)
- 觀音土 / 观音土 (guānyīntǔ)
- 觀音壋 / 观音垱 (Guānyīndàng)
- 觀音大士 / 观音大士 (Guānyīn Dàshì)
- 觀音媽 / 观音妈
- 觀音山 / 观音山
- 觀音山轎子 / 观音山轿子
- 觀音座蓮 / 观音座莲
- 觀音庵 / 观音庵
- 觀音手 / 观音手
- 觀音暴 / 观音暴
- 觀音柳 / 观音柳
- 觀音棕竹 / 观音棕竹
- 觀音法會 / 观音法会
- 觀音竹 / 观音竹 (guānyīnzhú)
- 觀音粉 / 观音粉
- 觀音素 / 观音素
- 觀音經 / 观音经
- 觀音草 / 观音草
- 觀音菊 / 观音菊
- 觀音菩薩 / 观音菩萨 (Guānyīn Púsà)
- 觀音蓮 / 观音莲
- 觀音衲 / 观音衲
- 觀音誕 / 观音诞 (Guānyīndàn)
- 送子觀音 / 送子观音
- 鎖骨觀音 / 锁骨观音
- 鐵觀音 / 铁观音 (tiěguānyīn)
- 魚籃觀音 / 鱼篮观音
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Burmese: ကွမ်ယင် (kwam-yang)
- → English: Guanyin
- → Indonesian: Kwan Im
- → Khmer: គង់ស៊ីអ៊ីម (kŭəngsiiʼiim)
- → Thai: กวนอิม
References
[edit]- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “观音”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 243.
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 觀 | 音 |
| かん Hyōgai |
おん > のん Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 觀音 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 觀音, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 觀 | 音 |
Proper noun
[edit]觀音 • (Gwaneum or McCune-Reischauer: Kwanŭm or Yale: Kwan.um) (hangeul 관음)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 觀 | 音 |
Proper noun
[edit]觀音
Categories:
- Chinese terms calqued from Sanskrit
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Puxian Min proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 觀
- Chinese terms spelled with 音
- zh:Buddhism
- zh:Districts of Taoyuan
- zh:Places in Taoyuan
- zh:Places in Taiwan
- zh:Towns in Shiyan
- zh:Towns in Hubei, China
- zh:Places in Shiyan
- zh:Places in Hubei, China
- zh:Places in China
- Chinese terms arising from taboo avoidance
- zh:Gods
- zh:Chinese deities
- Japanese terms spelled with 觀 read as かん
- Japanese terms spelled with 音 read as おん
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese kyūjitai spellings
- Korean lemmas
- Korean proper nouns
- Korean proper nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese proper nouns
- Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán