謹

See also: 谨

Translingual

Japanese	謹
Simplified	谨
Traditional	謹

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the top right component of 堇 is written 艹 instead of 廿. Due to Han unification, both characters (謹/謹) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA63) exists for the kyūjitai form of 謹.

Han character

謹 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11 in Chinese, 言+10 in Japanese, 18 strokes in Chinese, 17 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿中一 (YRTLM), four-corner 0461₄, composition ⿰言堇(GHTKV) or ⿰言𦰌(J))

Descendants

• 谨

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1178, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35850
• Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4010, character 13
• Unihan data for U+8B39

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Chinese

trad.		謹
simp.		谨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯnʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) – to speak caution.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
    • Wade–Giles: chin³
    • Yale: jǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gan²
    • Yale: gán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín
    • Tâi-lô: kín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+nX

Rime
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隱切
Baxter	kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨnX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨnX/
Li Rong	/kiənX/
Wang Li	/kĭənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kj+nX ›
Old Chinese	/*kə[r]ʔ/
English	attentive, careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
No.	6744
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 謹

1. prudent; cautious; careful; reverent

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Japanese

Kanji

謹

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 謹)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 謹む, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 謹慎(きんしん) (kinshin): house arrest, self restraint

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Korean

Hanja

謹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

謹: Hán Việt readings: cẩn
謹: Nôm readings: ngẩn, kín, ghín, cẩn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)