-esco
Italian
Etymology
From Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscum, accusative singular of -iscus.[1] Cognates: see Proto-Germanic *-iskaz.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-esco
- Forms adjectives (sometimes used as nouns) that indicate relationship, membership, quality.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
Latin
Etymology
Suffix
-ēscō (present infinitive -ēscere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation
- Forms verbs from adjectives meaning "become (adjective)".
Usage notes
Many verbs ending in -ēscō are inchoatives in -scō formed from statives in -eō. However, some verbs exist that are derived directly from the adjective, with no "intermediate" stative verb existing, e.g.:
- amārus > amārēscō (but no *amāreō)
- celeber > celebrēscō (but no *celebreō)
Conjugation
Conjugation varies with verb; only first principal part shown here for illustration.
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Aromanian: -esc- (-escu, -eshti, -eashti, -escu), -ãsc-
- Catalan: -eix- (-eixo, -eixes, -eix, -eixen), -isc- (-ixes, -ix, -ixen)
- → English: -esce; -ise, -ish (via Old French)
- Francoprovençal: -éss- (-ésso, -és, -ét, -éssens, -ésséds, -éssont)
- French: -iss- (-is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent)
- Friulian: -is- (-ìs, -issis, -ìs, -issin)
- Italian: -isc- (-isco, -isci, -isce, -iscono)
Spanish
Suffix
-esco (feminine counterpart -esca)
- Alternative form of -sco
- Italian terms derived from Late Latin
- Italian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian lemmas
- Italian suffixes
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Latin terms suffixed with -sco
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin verb-forming suffixes
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes