-eo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "eo"

Italian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -eus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e.o/ (stress falls on the preceding syllable)
• Hyphenation: -e‧o

Suffix

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -ei, feminine plural -ee)

1. used to form adjectives referring to the qualities of the root noun; -en, -eous, -ean
   1. used to form adjectives from materials or substances, indicating material composition:

      ‎ferro (“iron”) + ‎-eo → ‎ferreo (“made of iron”)

      ‎argento (“silver”) + ‎-eo → ‎argenteo (“made of silver”)

      ‎acqua (“water”) + ‎-eo → ‎acqueo (“made of water, watery”)

   2. used to form relational adjectives from proper nouns:

      ‎Cesare (“Caesar”) + ‎-eo → ‎cesareo (“Caesarean, of or pertaining to Julius Caesar”)

      ‎Medici + ‎-eo → ‎mediceo (“of or pertaining to the Medici family”)

Usage notes

• Some adjectives in -eo are borrowed directly from Latin and exhibit fossilized characteristics which are otherwise lost in the root noun:
  • corpo (“body”) → corporeo (“bodily, corporeal”) (cfr. Latin corpor-, oblique stem of corpus)
  • legno (“wood”) → ligneo (“wooden, made from wood”) (cfr. Latin lignum)
  • oro (“gold”) → aureo (“golden, made of gold”) (cfr. Latin aurum)
  • Ercole (“Hercules”) → erculeo (“Herculean, pertaining to Hercules”) (cfr. Latin Herculēs)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin -aeus, from Ancient Greek -αῖος (-aîos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.o/
• Rhymes: -ɛo
• Hyphenation: -è‧o

Suffix

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -ei, feminine plural -ee) -eo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ei, feminine -ea)

1. used to form adjectives and nouns expressing relation to the root noun; -an, -ean
   1. forming ethnonyms from place names:

      ‎Etna + ‎-eo → ‎etneo (“of or pertaining to mount Etna; person from or inhabitant of the Etna region”)

      ‎Ragusa (city in Croatia) + ‎-eo → ‎raguseo (“of or pertaining to the city of Ragusa; person from or inhabitant of Ragusa”)

   2. forming relational adjectives from proper nouns:

      ‎Euclide (“Euclid”) + ‎-eo → ‎euclideo (“Euclidean, pertaining to Euclid”)

      ‎Augusto (“Augustus”) + ‎-eo → ‎augusteo (“Augustan, pertaining to emperor Augustus or his time”)

   3. forming relational adjectives from body parts:

      ‎carotide (“carotid”) + ‎-eo → ‎carotideo (“pertaining to a carotid”)

      ‎faringe (“pharynx”) + ‎-eo → ‎faringeo (“pharyngeal, pertaining to the pharynx”)

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -eo

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /e.oː/, [eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e.o/, [eo] (stressed on the antepenult)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yetider.

Proto-Italic *-ēō

Latin -eō

From Proto-Italic *-ēō, from earlier *-ējō, from verbs with Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix) in which the first person singular always ended in *-éh₁yoh₂.

Suffix

-eō (present infinitive -ēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem

2. Forms stative verbs from adjectives.

   ‎clārus (“clear”) + ‎-eo → ‎clāreō (“to be clear”)

   ‎frīgus (“cold”) + ‎-eo → ‎frīgeō (“to be cold”)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of -eō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-eō	-ēs	-et	-ēmus	-ētis	-ent
	imperfect	-ēbam	-ēbās	-ēbat	-ēbāmus	-ēbātis	-ēbant
	future	-ēbō	-ēbis	-ēbit	-ēbimus	-ēbitis	-ēbunt
	perfect	-uī	-uistī	-uit	-uimus	-uistis	-uērunt, -uēre
	pluperfect	-ueram	-uerās	-uerat	-uerāmus	-uerātis	-uerant
	future perfect	-uerō	-ueris	-uerit	-uerimus	-ueritis	-uerint
	sigmatic future1	-ō, ēssō	-is, ēssis	-it, ēssit	-imus, ēssimus	-itis, ēssitis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-eor	-ēris, -ēre	-ētur	-ēmur	-ēminī	-entur
	imperfect	-ēbar	-ēbāris, -ēbāre	-ēbātur	-ēbāmur	-ēbāminī	-ēbantur
	future	-ēbor	-ēberis, -ēbere	-ēbitur	-ēbimur	-ēbiminī	-ēbuntur
	perfect	-itus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-itus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or, ēssor	-eris, ēsseris	-itur, ēssitur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-eam	-eās	-eat	-eāmus	-eātis	-eant
imperfect	-ērem	-ērēs	-ēret	-ērēmus	-ērētis	-ērent
perfect	-uerim	-uerīs	-uerit	-uerīmus	-uerītis	-uerint
pluperfect	-uissem	-uissēs	-uisset	-uissēmus	-uissētis	-uissent
sigmatic aorist1	-im, ēssim	-īs, ēssīs	-īt, ēssīt	-īmus, ēssīmus	-ītis, ēssītis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-ear	-eāris, -eāre	-eātur	-eāmur	-eāminī	-eantur
imperfect	-ērer	-ērēris, -ērēre	-ērētur	-ērēmur	-ērēminī	-ērentur
perfect	-itus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-ē	—	—	-ēte	—
	future	—	-ētō	-ētō	—	-ētōte	-entō
passive	present	—	-ēre	—	—	-ēminī	—
	future	—	-ētor	-ētor	—	—	-entor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-ēre	-uisse	-itūrum esse	-ērī	-itum esse	-itum īrī
participles		-ēns	—	-itūrus	—	-itus	-endus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-endī	-endō	-endum	-endō	-itum	-itū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

• -ēscō

Latin terms suffixed with -eo

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *-eō, from causative/frequentative verbs with Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (causative suffix) in which the first person singular ended in *-éyoh₂.

Suffix

-eō (present infinitive -ēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem

2. (no longer productive) Forms causative verbs from primary (third conjugation and some fourth conjugation) verbs.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of -eō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-eō	-ēs	-et	-ēmus	-ētis	-ent
	imperfect	-ēbam	-ēbās	-ēbat	-ēbāmus	-ēbātis	-ēbant
	future	-ēbō	-ēbis	-ēbit	-ēbimus	-ēbitis	-ēbunt
	perfect	-uī	-uistī	-uit	-uimus	-uistis	-uērunt, -uēre
	pluperfect	-ueram	-uerās	-uerat	-uerāmus	-uerātis	-uerant
	future perfect	-uerō	-ueris	-uerit	-uerimus	-ueritis	-uerint
	sigmatic future1	-ō, ēssō	-is, ēssis	-it, ēssit	-imus, ēssimus	-itis, ēssitis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-eor	-ēris, -ēre	-ētur	-ēmur	-ēminī	-entur
	imperfect	-ēbar	-ēbāris, -ēbāre	-ēbātur	-ēbāmur	-ēbāminī	-ēbantur
	future	-ēbor	-ēberis, -ēbere	-ēbitur	-ēbimur	-ēbiminī	-ēbuntur
	perfect	-itus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-itus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or, ēssor	-eris, ēsseris	-itur, ēssitur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-eam	-eās	-eat	-eāmus	-eātis	-eant
imperfect	-ērem	-ērēs	-ēret	-ērēmus	-ērētis	-ērent
perfect	-uerim	-uerīs	-uerit	-uerīmus	-uerītis	-uerint
pluperfect	-uissem	-uissēs	-uisset	-uissēmus	-uissētis	-uissent
sigmatic aorist1	-im, ēssim	-īs, ēssīs	-īt, ēssīt	-īmus, ēssīmus	-ītis, ēssītis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-ear	-eāris, -eāre	-eātur	-eāmur	-eāminī	-eantur
imperfect	-ērer	-ērēris, -ērēre	-ērētur	-ērēmur	-ērēminī	-ērentur
perfect	-itus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-ē	—	—	-ēte	—
	future	—	-ētō	-ētō	—	-ētōte	-entō
passive	present	—	-ēre	—	—	-ēminī	—
	future	—	-ētor	-ētor	—	—	-entor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-ēre	-uisse	-itūrum esse	-ērī	-itum esse	-itum īrī
participles		-ēns	—	-itūrus	—	-itus	-endus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-endī	-endō	-endum	-endō	-itum	-itū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-eō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -eus

References

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin -eus.

Suffix

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -eos, feminine plural -eas)

1. -eous; forms adjectives meaning resembling or having characteristics of the related term

Related terms

• -áceo
• -áneo
• -io

 

Etymology 2

Suffix

-eo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eos)

1. forms nouns from verbs suffixed with -ear, means 'action and effect'

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -eo

Further reading

• “-eo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10