-eo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "eo"

Italian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -eus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /e.o/ (stress falls on the preceding syllable)
Hyphenation: -e‧o

Suffix

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -ei, feminine plural -ee)

used to form adjectives referring to the qualities of the root noun; -en, -eous, -ean
1. used to form adjectives from materials or substances, indicating material composition:
  ‎ferro (“iron”) + ‎-eo → ‎ferreo (“made of iron”)
  
  ‎argento (“silver”) + ‎-eo → ‎argenteo (“made of silver”)
  
  ‎acqua (“water”) + ‎-eo → ‎acqueo (“made of water, watery”)
2. used to form relational adjectives from proper nouns:
  ‎Cesare (“Caesar”) + ‎-eo → ‎cesareo (“Caesarean, of or pertaining to Julius Caesar”)
  
  ‎Medici + ‎-eo → ‎mediceo (“of or pertaining to the Medici family”)

Usage notes

Some adjectives in -eo are borrowed directly from Latin and exhibit fossilized characteristics which are otherwise lost in the root noun:
- corpo (“body”) → corporeo (“bodily, corporeal”) (cfr. Latin corpor-, oblique stem of corpus)
- legno (“wood”) → ligneo (“wooden, made from wood”) (cfr. Latin lignum)
- oro (“gold”) → aureo (“golden, made of gold”) (cfr. Latin aurum)
- Ercole (“Hercules”) → erculeo (“Herculean, pertaining to Hercules”) (cfr. Latin Herculēs)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin -aeus, from Ancient Greek -αῖος (-aîos).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.o/
Rhymes: -ɛo
Hyphenation: -è‧o

Suffix

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -ei, feminine plural -ee) -eo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ei, feminine -ea)

used to form adjectives and nouns expressing relation to the root noun; -an, -ean
1. forming ethnonyms from place names:
  ‎Etna + ‎-eo → ‎etneo (“of or pertaining to mount Etna; person from or inhabitant of the Etna region”)
  
  ‎Ragusa (city in Croatia) + ‎-eo → ‎raguseo (“of or pertaining to the city of Ragusa; person from or inhabitant of Ragusa”)
2. forming relational adjectives from proper nouns:
  ‎Euclide (“Euclid”) + ‎-eo → ‎euclideo (“Euclidean, pertaining to Euclid”)
  
  ‎Augusto (“Augustus”) + ‎-eo → ‎augusteo (“Augustan, pertaining to emperor Augustus or his time”)
3. forming relational adjectives from body parts:
  ‎carotide (“carotid”) + ‎-eo → ‎carotideo (“pertaining to a carotid”)
  
  ‎faringe (“pharynx”) + ‎-eo → ‎faringeo (“pharyngeal, pertaining to the pharynx”)

Derived terms

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [e.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [e.o] (stressed on the antepenult)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti

Proto-Italic *-ēō

Latin -eō

From Proto-Italic *-ēō, from earlier *-ējō, from verbs with Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix) in which the first person singular always ended in *-éh₁yoh₂.

Suffix

-eō (present infinitive -ēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems

Forms stative verbs from adjectives.
‎clārus (“clear”) + ‎-eo → ‎clāreō (“to be clear”)

‎frīgus (“cold”) + ‎-eo → ‎frīgeō (“to be cold”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -eō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-eō	-ēs		-et	-ēmus	-ētis		-ent
	imperfect	-ēbam	-ēbās		-ēbat	-ēbāmus	-ēbātis		-ēbant
	future	-ēbō	-ēbis		-ēbit	-ēbimus	-ēbitis		-ēbunt
	perfect	-uī	-uistī		-uit	-uimus	-uistis		-uērunt, -uēre
	pluperfect	-ueram	-uerās		-uerat	-uerāmus	-uerātis		-uerant
	future perfect	-uerō	-ueris		-uerit	-uerimus	-ueritis		-uerint
	sigmatic future¹	-ēssō	-ēssis		-ēssit	-ēssimus	-ēssitis		-ēssint
passive	present	-eor	-ēris, -ēre		-ētur	-ēmur	-ēminī		-entur
	imperfect	-ēbar	-ēbāris, -ēbāre		-ēbātur	-ēbāmur	-ēbāminī		-ēbantur
	future	-ēbor	-ēberis, -ēbere		-ēbitur	-ēbimur	-ēbiminī		-ēbuntur
	perfect	-itus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-itus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future¹	-ēssor	-ēsseris		-ēssitur	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-eam	-eās		-eat	-eāmus	-eātis		-eant
	imperfect	-ērem	-ērēs		-ēret	-ērēmus	-ērētis		-ērent
	perfect	-uerim	-uerīs		-uerit	-uerīmus	-uerītis		-uerint
	pluperfect	-uissem	-uissēs		-uisset	-uissēmus	-uissētis		-uissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	-ēssim	-ēssīs		-ēssīt	-ēssīmus	-ēssītis		-ēssint
passive	present	-ear	-eāris, -eāre		-eātur	-eāmur	-eāminī		-eantur
	imperfect	-ērer	-ērēris, -ērēre		-ērētur	-ērēmur	-ērēminī		-ērentur
	perfect	-itus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	-ē		—	—	-ēte		—
active	future	—	-ētō		-ētō	—	-ētōte		-entō
passive	present	—	-ēre		—	—	-ēminī		—
passive	future	—	-ētor		-ētor	—	—		-entor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		-ēre		-ērī		-ēns		—
future		-itūrum esse		-itum īrī		-itūrus		-endus
perfect		-uisse		-itum esse		—		-itus
future perfect		—		-itum fore		—		—
perfect potential		-itūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		-endī	-endō		-endum	-endō	-itum		-itū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

-ēscō

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *-eō, from causative/frequentative verbs with Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (causative suffix) in which the first person singular ended in *-éyoh₂.

Suffix

-eō (present infinitive -ēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems

(no longer productive) Forms causative verbs from primary (third conjugation and some fourth conjugation) verbs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -eō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-eō	-ēs		-et	-ēmus	-ētis		-ent
	imperfect	-ēbam	-ēbās		-ēbat	-ēbāmus	-ēbātis		-ēbant
	future	-ēbō	-ēbis		-ēbit	-ēbimus	-ēbitis		-ēbunt
	perfect	-uī	-uistī		-uit	-uimus	-uistis		-uērunt, -uēre
	pluperfect	-ueram	-uerās		-uerat	-uerāmus	-uerātis		-uerant
	future perfect	-uerō	-ueris		-uerit	-uerimus	-ueritis		-uerint
	sigmatic future¹	-ēssō	-ēssis		-ēssit	-ēssimus	-ēssitis		-ēssint
passive	present	-eor	-ēris, -ēre		-ētur	-ēmur	-ēminī		-entur
	imperfect	-ēbar	-ēbāris, -ēbāre		-ēbātur	-ēbāmur	-ēbāminī		-ēbantur
	future	-ēbor	-ēberis, -ēbere		-ēbitur	-ēbimur	-ēbiminī		-ēbuntur
	perfect	-itus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-itus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future¹	-ēssor	-ēsseris		-ēssitur	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-eam	-eās		-eat	-eāmus	-eātis		-eant
	imperfect	-ērem	-ērēs		-ēret	-ērēmus	-ērētis		-ērent
	perfect	-uerim	-uerīs		-uerit	-uerīmus	-uerītis		-uerint
	pluperfect	-uissem	-uissēs		-uisset	-uissēmus	-uissētis		-uissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	-ēssim	-ēssīs		-ēssīt	-ēssīmus	-ēssītis		-ēssint
passive	present	-ear	-eāris, -eāre		-eātur	-eāmur	-eāminī		-eantur
	imperfect	-ērer	-ērēris, -ērēre		-ērētur	-ērēmur	-ērēminī		-ērentur
	perfect	-itus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-itus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	-ē		—	—	-ēte		—
active	future	—	-ētō		-ētō	—	-ētōte		-entō
passive	present	—	-ēre		—	—	-ēminī		—
passive	future	—	-ētor		-ētor	—	—		-entor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		-ēre		-ērī		-ēns		—
future		-itūrum esse		-itum īrī		-itūrus		-endus
perfect		-uisse		-itum esse		—		-itus
future perfect		—		-itum fore		—		—
perfect potential		-itūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		-endī	-endō		-endum	-endō	-itum		-itū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-eō

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -eus

References

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 530-531
Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 404
Olsen, Birgit Anette (2003), “Another Account of the Latin Adjectives in -idus”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics‎^[1], volume 116, number 2, Vandendhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, →JSTOR, page 241: “Evidently the Latin type of stative verbs in -ēre is productive”