Template:uk-ndecl/documentation

Uses Lua:

• Module:uk-noun

Parameters

Normally there is only one parameter to specify, e.g. for бана́н (banán, “banana”):

{{uk-ndecl|бана́н<>}}

which produces

Declension of бана́н (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бана́н banán	бана́ни banány
genitive	бана́на banána	бана́нів banániv
dative	бана́нові, бана́ну banánovi, banánu	бана́нам banánam
accusative	бана́н banán	бана́ни banány
instrumental	бана́ном banánom	бана́нами banánamy
locative	бана́ні banáni	бана́нах banánax
vocative	бана́не banáne	бана́ни banány

Note that the lemma is given followed by angle brackets, and an accent needs to be placed on the appropriate syllable (it can be omitted in monosyllabic words). In some cases, properties need to be given inside of angle brackets, for example for брат (brat, “brother”):

{{uk-ndecl|брат<b.pr>}}

which produces

Declension of брат (pers hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	брат brat	брати́ bratý
genitive	брата́ bratá	браті́в bratív
dative	брато́ві, брату́ bratóvi, bratú	брата́м bratám
accusative	брата́ bratá	браті́в bratív
instrumental	брато́м bratóm	брата́ми bratámy
locative	брато́ві, браті́ bratóvi, bratí	брата́х bratáx
vocative	бра́те bráte	брати́ bratý

Here, we specify two properties: b (a stress pattern indicator, in this case specifying that the noun is end-stressed, i.e. the stress is on the endings rather than the stem) and pr (indicating that this is a personal noun, where the accusative is the same as the genitive rather than the nominative).

The general format is the accented noun lemma (the nominative singular, or nominative plural for plural-only nouns), followed by a spec in angle brackets. The format of the spec is

<PROP.PROP.PROP...>

i.e. one or more properties, separated by periods. All properties are optional. The following properties are recognized:

• Gender: M for masculine, F for feminine, MF for nouns that can be either masculine or feminine, N for neuter. Most of the time this isn't needed, but it's required for certain nouns (e.g. most nouns ending in -ь and some nouns ending in -я) to determine the correct declension type. Note that the gender must be given capitalized.
• Stress pattern: a, b, c, d, d', e, f or f'. These are based on Zaliznyak's Russian-language patterns. Multiple comma-separated stress patterns can be given. See below for more information.
• Reducibility: * to indicate an alternation between a vowel (one of о, е, є or occasionally і) and no vowel in the final syllable, where the vowel appears in endings that do not themselves contain a vowel (typically the nominative/accusative singular and/or the genitive plural). This code should be placed directly after or used in place of the stress pattern, e.g. c* to indicate a reducible noun with stress pattern c, b*,b to indicate a noun with stress pattern b that can be either reducible or non-reducible, and just * to indicate a reducible noun with the default stress pattern.
• Reversed genitive plural stress: # to indicate that the genitive plural stress is the opposite of what the stress pattern calls for. This code should be placed directly after or used in place of the stress pattern, e.g. c# to indicate a noun with stress pattern c and reversed genitive plural stress, c*# to indicate a reducible noun with stress pattern c and reversed genitive plural stress, d#,d to indicate a noun with stress pattern d that can have either reversed or normal genitive plural stress, and just # to indicate a noun with reversed genitive plural stress and the default stress pattern.
• Animacy: pr for personal nouns, anml for animal nouns, inan for inanimate nouns. The default is almost always inanimate (except when t or surname are specified); animate nouns need an animacy code given.
• Number: sg for singular-only nouns, pl for plural-only nouns. If unspecified, nouns have both singular and plural.
• Softness/hardness:
  • soft to indicate soft endings for a noun ending in Cyrillic -р;
  • semisoft to indicate semisoft endings for a noun ending in Cyrillic -р;
  • plsoft to indicate soft plural endings, e.g. for друг (druh, “friend”) (only works currently for masculine and feminine hard-stem nouns);
  • plhard to indicate hard plural endings, e.g. for ім'я́ (imʺjá, “name”) (only works currently for neuters in -я).
• Vowel alternations:
  • i (a Latin-script i, not a Cyrillic script i) to indicate a change from Cyrillic о or е to і when the ending does not begin with a vowel;
  • io (a Latin-script io) to indicate a change from і to о when the ending does begin with a vowel;
  • ie (a Latin-script ie) to indicate a similar change from і to е when the ending begins with a vowel.
• Special variants:
  • in to indicate that a noun ending in -ин (e.g. кия́нин (kyjányn, “Kyivan”), християни́н (xrystyjanýn, “Christian”)) loses this ending in the plural;
  • 3rd to indicate that a soft feminine plural-only noun is third-declension rather than first-declension (i.e. its singular would end in -ь or a consonant rather than -я or -а);
  • surname to indicate that the noun is a surname, in which case the vocative singular can be the same as the nominative singular in addition to its normal form (this implies pr, as surnames normally refer to people);
  • t to indicate t-stem neuter nouns, i.e. that a neuter noun ending in -я (e.g. ягня́ (jahnjá, “lamb”)) has a stem -ят in most forms (this implies anml, as nouns of this form usually refer to the young of animals);
  • en to indicate en-stem neuter nouns, i.e. that a neuter noun ending in -м'я has alternative forms utilizing a stem in -ен in most singular forms (e.g. ви́м'я (výmʺja, “udder”) with alternative genitive/dative/locative singular ви́мені and alternative instrumental singular ви́менем).
• Stem overrides:
  • stem:STEM to specify a different stem than the lemma's stem to use for endings beginning with a vowel;
  • plstem:STEM to specify a different stem to use in the plural.
• Specific form overrides: Examples are genu to specify that the genitive singular ends in -у, locju:i to specify that the locative singular ends in -ю or -і, vóce to specify that the vocative singular ends in -е with stress on the stem (regardless of the accent pattern) and genpl:земе́ль to specify that the genitive plural has the value земе́ль. These are explained more below.

The properties can be given in any order, but it is recommended that the following order be used:

1. Gender
2. Stress pattern, reducibility, reversed genitive plural stress
3. Adjectival indicator
4. Animacy
5. Number
6. Softness/hardness
7. Vowel alternations
8. Special variants
9. Stem overrides
10. Specific form overrides

Gender

The gender can be specified using M for masculine, F for feminine, MF for nouns that can be either masculine or feminine, and N for neuter. The gender can usually be omitted, but is required in certain cases, e.g. with some nouns ending in -ь and some nouns ending in -я. If the gender is omitted, it defaults as follows:

1. Nouns ending in a consonant default to masculine.
2. Nouns ending in a soft sign must have the gender explicitly given, except in the following cases:
   1. Nouns ending in -ець and -єць, stressed or unstressed, default to masculine.
   2. Nouns ending in unstressed -тель default to masculine.
   3. Nouns ending in unstressed -ість default to feminine.
3. Nouns ending in -а default to feminine.
4. Nouns ending in -о or -е default to neuter.
5. Nouns ending in -'я (e.g. здоро́в'я (zdoróvʺja, “health”), переми́р'я (peremýrʺja, “ceasefire”), ті́м'я (tímʺja, “crown (of the head)”)) or in a double consonant + -я (e.g. зна́чення (znáčennja, “importance; meaning”), обли́ччя (oblýččja, “face; character”), життя́ (žyttjá, “life”)) default to neuter.
6. Nouns with the code t (e.g. ягня́ (jahnjá, “lamb”), порося́ (porosjá, “piglet”)) default to neuter.
7. Other nouns in -я default to feminine.

The gender needs to be explicitly given in the following cases:

1. Nouns ending in a soft sign other than those mentioned above; e.g. готе́ль (hotélʹ, “hotel”) (masculine), моде́ль (modélʹ, “model”) (feminine).
2. Masculine or feminine nouns ending in -'я (e.g. сім'я́ (simʺjá, “family”), which is feminine) or in a double consonant + -я (e.g. стаття́ (stattjá, “article”), which is feminine, and суддя́ (suddjá, “judge”), which is either masculine or feminine).
3. Feminine nouns ending in a consonant; e.g. любо́в (ljubóv, “love”), ніч (nič, “night”).
4. Neuter nouns ending in -я other than the two types mentioned above; e.g. зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja, “wrist”), пові́тря (povítrja, “air”).

Examples:

1. автомобі́ль (avtomobílʹ, “car”) (masculine) ends in a soft sign, and so needs the gender to be specified:

{{uk-ndecl|автомобі́ль<M>}}

which produces

Declension of автомобі́ль (inan soft masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	автомобі́ль avtomobílʹ	автомобі́лі avtomobíli
genitive	автомобі́ля avtomobílja	автомобі́лів avtomobíliv
dative	автомобі́леві, автомобі́лю avtomobílevi, avtomobílju	автомобі́лям avtomobíljam
accusative	автомобі́ль avtomobílʹ	автомобі́лі avtomobíli
instrumental	автомобі́лем avtomobílem	автомобі́лями avtomobíljamy
locative	автомобі́лю, автомобі́лі avtomobílju, avtomobíli	автомобі́лях avtomobíljax
vocative	автомобі́лю avtomobílju	автомобі́лі avtomobíli

2. любо́в (ljubóv, “love”) is feminine and ends in a consonant, and so needs the gender to be specified:

{{uk-ndecl|любо́в<F.sg>}}

which produces

Declension of любо́в (inan sg-only 3rd-decl fem-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	любо́в ljubóv
genitive	любо́ві ljubóvi
dative	любо́ві ljubóvi
accusative	любо́в ljubóv
instrumental	любо́в'ю ljubóvʺju
locative	любо́ві ljubóvi
vocative	любо́ве ljubóve

3. зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja, “wrist”) is neuter but does not end in a double consonant + -я, and so needs the gender to be specified:

{{uk-ndecl|зап'я́стя<N>}}

which produces

Declension of зап'я́стя (inan neut in -ja accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja
genitive	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja	зап'я́сть zapʺjástʹ
dative	зап'я́стю zapʺjástju	зап'я́стям zapʺjástjam
accusative	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja
instrumental	зап'я́стям zapʺjástjam	зап'я́стями zapʺjástjamy
locative	зап'я́сті zapʺjásti	зап'я́стях zapʺjástjax
vocative	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja	зап'я́стя zapʺjástja

4. мужчи́на (mužčýna, “man”) is masculine but ends in -а, which defaults to feminine. In this case, masculine and feminine nouns in -а have identical declensions, so the gender doesn't need to be given, but it's a good idea to specify it anyway, because it is needed in {{uk-noun}} (when it is modified to support syntax similar to {{uk-ndecl}}, parallel to {{ru-noun+}}).

{{uk-ndecl|мужчи́на<M.pr>}}

which produces

Declension of мужчи́на (pers hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	мужчи́на mužčýna	мужчи́ни mužčýny
genitive	мужчи́ни mužčýny	мужчи́н mužčýn
dative	мужчи́ні mužčýni	мужчи́нам mužčýnam
accusative	мужчи́ну mužčýnu	мужчи́н mužčýn
instrumental	мужчи́ною mužčýnoju	мужчи́нами mužčýnamy
locative	мужчи́ні mužčýni	мужчи́нах mužčýnax
vocative	мужчи́но mužčýno	мужчи́ни mužčýny

Stress patterns and reducibility

The following table specifies where the stress falls (stem or ending):

	The Stress Falls on:
Pattern Letter	a		b		c		d		d'		e		f		f'
Number	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
Nom	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	stem	stem	stem	ending	stem	ending	stem
Acc	stem		ending		stem		ending		stem		stem		ending		stem
Gen	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending	ending	ending
Dat	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending	ending	ending
Ins	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending	ending	ending
Loc	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending	ending	ending
Voc		stem		ending		ending		stem		stem		stem		stem		stem
Example	бана́н (banán)		брат (brat)		чорт (čort)		вода́ (vodá)		середа́ (seredá)		смерть (smertʹ)		щока́ (ščoká)		рука́ (ruká)

NOTE: Boldfaced cases differ from the other cases in the same number (singular or plural).

The accusative plural is left out in the above table because it is derived from either the nominative plural, genitive plural or both, depending on the noun's animacy. The vocative singular is left out because it is frequently stem-stressed even when the remaining singular cases are ending-stressed. (Whether or not this special case applies depends on the particular declension and sometimes other factors.)

An example needing the stress pattern specified is каву́н (kavún, “watermelon”), with stress pattern b (genitive singular кавуна́, nominative plural кавуни́, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|каву́н<b>}}

which produces

Declension of каву́н (inan hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	каву́н kavún	кавуни́ kavuný
genitive	кавуна́ kavuná	кавуні́в kavunív
dative	кавуно́ві, кавуну́ kavunóvi, kavunú	кавуна́м kavunám
accusative	каву́н kavún	кавуни́ kavuný
instrumental	кавуно́м kavunóm	кавуна́ми kavunámy
locative	кавуні́ kavuní	кавуна́х kavunáx
vocative	каву́не kavúne	кавуни́ kavuný

Some nouns are reducible, meaning they have an alternation between a vowel (о, е, є or occasionally і) before the final consonant in forms where the ending does not begin with a vowel, and no vowel in forms where the ending does begin with a vowel. The forms that use the unreduced stem variant are the nominative singular of masculine nouns; the accusative singular of inanimate masculine nouns; the genitive plural of feminine nouns in -а and -я, and of neuter nouns in general; and (theoretically) the nominative, accusative and instrumental singular of third-declension feminine nouns. All other forms use the reduced stem variant.

An example is све́кор (svékor, “wife's father-in-law”), where most forms use a stem свекр- (genitive singular све́кра, nominative plural све́кри, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|све́кор<*.pr>}}

which produces

Declension of све́кор (pers hard masc-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	све́кор svékor	све́кри svékry
genitive	све́кра svékra	све́крів svékriv
dative	све́крові, све́кру svékrovi, svékru	све́крам svékram
accusative	све́кра svékra	све́крів svékriv
instrumental	све́кром svékrom	све́крами svékramy
locative	све́крові, све́крі svékrovi, svékri	све́крах svékrax
vocative	све́кре svékre	све́кри svékry

If both a stress pattern and the reducible indicator need to be given, they should be combined, as with за́єць (zájecʹ, “hare”) (reduced stem зайц-, genitive singular за́йця, nominative plural зайці́, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|за́єць<c*.anml>}}

which produces

Declension of за́єць (animal soft masc-form accent-c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	за́єць zájecʹ	зайці́ zajcí
genitive	за́йця zájcja	зайці́в zajcív
dative	за́йцеві, за́йцю zájcevi, zájcju	зайця́м zajcjám
accusative	за́йця zájcja	зайці́, зайці́в zajcí, zajcív
instrumental	за́йцем zájcem	зайця́ми zajcjámy
locative	за́йцеві, за́йцю, за́йці zájcevi, zájcju, zájci	зайця́х zajcjáx
vocative	за́йцю zájcju	зайці́ zajcí

Multiple stress patterns can be given, comma-separated. An example needing this is горі́лка (horílka, “vodka”), with nominative plural either горі́лки (stem-stressed) or горілки́ (ending-stressed):

{{uk-ndecl|горі́лка<a*,c*>}}

which produces

Declension of горі́лка (inan hard fem-form accent-a/c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	горі́лка horílka	горі́лки, горілки́ horílky, horilký
genitive	горі́лки horílky	горі́лок, горіло́к horílok, horilók
dative	горі́лці horílci	горі́лкам, горілка́м horílkam, horilkám
accusative	горі́лку horílku	горі́лки, горілки́ horílky, horilký
instrumental	горі́лкою horílkoju	горі́лками, горілка́ми horílkamy, horilkámy
locative	горі́лці horílci	горі́лках, горілка́х horílkax, horilkáx
vocative	горі́лко horílko	горі́лки, горілки́ horílky, horilký

This noun is reducible because the genitive plural is горі́лок or горіло́к.

The default stress pattern is as follows:

• The default is b in the following cases:
  1. The lemma is plural-only and ends in a stressed vowel (e.g. вуста́ (vustá, “mouth, lips”)).
  2. The lemma is masculine and ends in stressed -о́ or -е́ (e.g. Петро́ (Petró, “Peter”)).
  3. The lemma is neuter and ends in stressed -я́ or -а́ (e.g. здання́ (zdannjá, “opinion”), порося́ (porosjá, “piglet”), лоша́ (lošá, “foal”), ім'я́ (imʺjá, “name”)).
  4. The lemma is reducible and the stress is on the reducible vowel (e.g. замо́к (zamók, “lock”), стіле́ць (stilécʹ, “pencil”)).
• Otherwise, if the lemma ends in a stressed vowel (which includes all feminines, and all neuters in -о́ and -е́), the default is d.
• Otherwise, the default is a.

Reversed genitive plural stress

Several nouns have unexpected stress in the genitive plural. This could be controlled using an override, but because of its commonness, a shortcut is available using the code #. This code should be placed directly after the stress pattern, as with the reducible code *. If both * and # need to be given, either order is possible, but by convention the order *# should be used. Examples:

Examples:

1. о́бласть (óblastʹ, “oblast, province”) is stem-stressed everywhere but in the genitive plural, which has the form областе́й instead of expected *о́бластей. This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|о́бласть<F.#>}}

which produces

Declension of о́бласть (inan 3rd-decl fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́бласть óblastʹ	о́бласті óblasti
genitive	о́бласті, о́бласти óblasti, óblasty	областе́й oblastéj
dative	о́бласті óblasti	о́бластям óblastjam
accusative	о́бласть óblastʹ	о́бласті óblasti
instrumental	о́бластю óblastju	о́бластями óblastjamy
locative	о́бласті óblasti	о́бластях óblastjax
vocative	о́бласте óblaste	о́бласті óblasti

2. ма́сло (máslo, “butter”) is stem-stressed in the singular and end-stressed in the plural (i.e. stress pattern c), except for the genitive plural, which has the form ма́сел instead of expected *масе́л. This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|ма́сло<c*#>}}

which produces

Declension of ма́сло (inan hard neut-form accent-c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ма́сло máslo	масла́ maslá
genitive	ма́сла másla	ма́сел másel
dative	ма́слу máslu	масла́м maslám
accusative	ма́сло máslo	масла́ maslá
instrumental	ма́слом máslom	масла́ми maslámy
locative	ма́слі másli	масла́х masláx
vocative	ма́сло máslo	масла́ maslá

Here we also supply * to indicate that the noun is reducible (i.e. it has an extra vowel in the genitive plural, whose ending does not begin with a vowel).

3. голова́ (holová, “head”) mostly follows stress pattern d' (end-stressed in the singular except for the accusative singular, and stem-stressed in the plural), but has unexpected genitive plural голі́в instead of *го́лів or *го́лов. Here, there is also an о-і vowel alternation, which is specified using the i code (described later). This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|голова́<d'#.i>}}

which produces

Declension of голова́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d' о-і)

	singular	plural
nominative	голова́ holová	го́лови hólovy
genitive	голови́ holový	голі́в holív
dative	голові́ holoví	го́ловам hólovam
accusative	го́лову hólovu	го́лови hólovy
instrumental	голово́ю holovóju	го́ловами hólovamy
locative	голові́ holoví	го́ловах hólovax
vocative	го́лово hólovo	го́лови hólovy

Note that technically, the і in the genitive plural is part of the stem, and there is no ending. In the case where # calls for ending stress and there is no ending to be stressed, the stress moves onto the last syllable of the stem.

3. сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”) follows stress pattern d and is reducible, hence the expected genitive plural is се́стер. This does occur, but so does the opposite-stress form сесте́р. To specify this, use a specification as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|сестра́<*,*#.pr>}}

which produces

Declension of сестра́ (pers hard fem-form accent-d reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	сестра́ sestrá	се́стри séstry
genitive	сестри́ sestrý	се́стер, сесте́р séster, sestér
dative	сестрі́ sestrí	се́страм séstram
accusative	сестру́ sestrú	се́стер, сесте́р séster, sestér
instrumental	сестро́ю sestróju	се́страми séstramy
locative	сестрі́ sestrí	се́страх séstrax
vocative	се́стро séstro	се́стри séstry

Here we specify two stress indicators, * (reducible and with normal genitive plural stress) and *# (reducible with reversed genitive plural stress). Because the stress pattern itself is left out, it defaults to d (the default for feminines with ending stress in the lemma form). We also have to specify the animacy indicator pr because this is a personal noun (see the next section).

Adjectival indicator

To indicate that a noun declines as if it were an adjective, use +. An example is лю́тий (ljútyj, “February”) (genitive singular лю́того):

{{uk-ndecl|лю́тий<+>}}

which produces

Declension of лю́тий (inan adj masc accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лю́тий ljútyj	лю́ті ljúti
genitive	лю́того ljútoho	лю́тих ljútyx
dative	лю́тому ljútomu	лю́тим ljútym
accusative	лю́тий ljútyj	лю́ті ljúti
instrumental	лю́тим ljútym	лю́тими ljútymy
locative	лю́тому, лю́тім ljútomu, ljútim	лю́тих ljútyx
vocative	лю́тий ljútyj	лю́ті ljúti

Other indicators, such as animacy and number, can be included as necessary. An example is вагі́тна (vahítna, “pregnant woman”), which is a personal noun:

{{uk-ndecl|вагі́тна<+.pr>}}

which produces

Declension of вагі́тна (pers adj fem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	вагі́тна vahítna	вагі́тні vahítni
genitive	вагі́тної vahítnoji	вагі́тних vahítnyx
dative	вагі́тній vahítnij	вагі́тним vahítnym
accusative	вагі́тну vahítnu	вагі́тних vahítnyx
instrumental	вагі́тною vahítnoju	вагі́тними vahítnymy
locative	вагі́тній vahítnij	вагі́тних vahítnyx
vocative	вагі́тна vahítna	вагі́тні vahítni

Soft adjectival nouns will automatically be recognized by their ending, such as with майбу́тнє (majbútnje, “the future”) (genitive singular майбу́тнього):

{{uk-ndecl|майбу́тнє<+.sg>}}

which produces

Declension of майбу́тнє (inan sg-only adj neut accent-a)

	singular
nominative	майбу́тнє majbútnje
genitive	майбу́тнього majbútnʹoho
dative	майбу́тньому majbútnʹomu
accusative	майбу́тнє majbútnje
instrumental	майбу́тнім majbútnim
locative	майбу́тньому, майбу́тнім majbútnʹomu, majbútnim
vocative	майбу́тнє majbútnje

Animacy

Animacy is specified using pr for personal nouns and anml for animal nouns. The code inan for inanimate nouns can be given, but is essentially never needed because nouns normally default to inanimate. The only exception is when the neuter variant code t is given; all such nouns refer to the young of animals, and default to anml animacy.

Examples:

1. бана́н (banán, “banana”) is inanimate, so the animacy doesn't need to be given:

{{uk-ndecl|бана́н<>}}

which produces

Declension of бана́н (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бана́н banán	бана́ни banány
genitive	бана́на banána	бана́нів banániv
dative	бана́нові, бана́ну banánovi, banánu	бана́нам banánam
accusative	бана́н banán	бана́ни banány
instrumental	бана́ном banánom	бана́нами banánamy
locative	бана́ні banáni	бана́нах banánax
vocative	бана́не banáne	бана́ни banány

2. ри́ба (rýba, “fish”) is an animal noun, so the animacy code anml needs to be specified:

{{uk-ndecl|ри́ба<anml>}}

which produces

Declension of ри́ба (animal hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ри́ба rýba	ри́би rýby
genitive	ри́би rýby	риб ryb
dative	ри́бі rýbi	ри́бам rýbam
accusative	ри́бу rýbu	ри́би, риб rýby, ryb
instrumental	ри́бою rýboju	ри́бами rýbamy
locative	ри́бі rýbi	ри́бах rýbax
vocative	ри́бо rýbo	ри́би rýby

Note here that the accusative plural has two forms, one identical to the nominative plural and the other identical to the genitive plural; this is characteristic of animal nouns.

3. біс (bis, “demon”) is a personal noun (human-like mythological creatures are considered personal; similarly, animal-like mythological creatures such as dragons are considered animal nouns). Thus the animacy code pr needs to be specified:

{{uk-ndecl|біс<pr>}}

which produces

Declension of біс (pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	біс bis	бі́си bísy
genitive	бі́са bísa	бі́сів bísiv
dative	бі́сові, бі́су bísovi, bísu	бі́сам bísam
accusative	бі́са bísa	бі́сів bísiv
instrumental	бі́сом bísom	бі́сами bísamy
locative	бі́сові, бі́сі bísovi, bísi	бі́сах bísax
vocative	бі́се bíse	бі́си bísy

Note here that the accusative singular and plural are identical to the genitive singular and plural, respectively. All personal nouns behave this way in the plural, and all masculine personal and animal nouns behave this way in the singular.

4. порося́ (porosjá, “piglet”) is an animal noun of the t-stem type (genitive singular порося́ти, nominative plural порося́та). Once t is specified, the animacy doesn't need to be given because code t implies animacy anml:

{{uk-ndecl|порося́<t>}}

which produces

Declension of порося́ (animal t-stem neut-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	порося́ porosjá	порося́та porosjáta
genitive	порося́ти porosjáty	порося́т porosját
dative	порося́ті porosjáti	порося́там porosjátam
accusative	порося́ porosjá	порося́та, порося́т porosjáta, porosját
instrumental	порося́м porosjám	порося́тами porosjátamy
locative	порося́ті porosjáti	порося́тах porosjátax
vocative	порося́ porosjá	порося́та porosjáta

5. дівча́ (divčá, “girl (endearing)”) is a personal noun of the t-stem type (genitive singular дівча́ти, nominative plural дівча́та). Code t implies anml, so pr must be given:

{{uk-ndecl|дівча́<pr.t>}}

which produces

Declension of дівча́ (pers t-stem neut-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	дівча́ divčá	дівча́та divčáta
genitive	дівча́ти divčáty	дівча́т divčát
dative	дівча́ті divčáti	дівча́там divčátam
accusative	дівча́ divčá	дівча́т divčát
instrumental	дівча́м divčám	дівча́тами divčátamy
locative	дівча́ті divčáti	дівча́тах divčátax
vocative	дівча́ divčá	дівча́та divčáta

Number

By default, all nouns are singular/plural, including proper nouns. (Many proper nouns, such as names and surnames, have plural forms.) To indicate that a noun is singular-only, use sg, as with ха́ос (xáos, “chaos, mess”):

{{uk-ndecl|ха́ос<sg>}}

which produces

Declension of ха́ос (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	ха́ос xáos
genitive	ха́осу xáosu
dative	ха́осові, ха́осу xáosovi, xáosu
accusative	ха́ос xáos
instrumental	ха́осом xáosom
locative	ха́осу, ха́осі xáosu, xáosi
vocative	ха́осе xáose

Note that singular-only nouns are sometimes declined differently from singular/plural nouns. For example, for masculine nouns the genitive singular defaults to -у instead of -а, and the locative singular defaults to either -у or -і instead of just -і.

To indicate that a noun is plural-only, use pl and give the lemma in its plural form, as with вуста́ (vustá, “mouth, lips”):

{{uk-ndecl|вуста́<pl>}}

which produces

Declension of вуста́ (inan pl-only hard neut-form accent-b)

	plural
nominative	вуста́ vustá
genitive	вуст vust
dative	вуста́м vustám
accusative	вуста́ vustá
instrumental	вуста́ми vustámy
locative	вуста́х vustáx
vocative	вуста́ vustá

In the above case, the module automatically knows that the noun is neuter by its ending. However, if the lemma ends in -и or -і, you will have to give the gender explicitly (M or F), so that the module knows how to generate the genitive plural. If you are not sure of the gender, look for a related singular/plural noun or for cognate nouns in other languages (especially Russian), or base the gender on the genitive plural (M if the genitive plural ends in -ів, F if the genitive plural ends in nothing, in -ь or in -ей). An example is джу́нглі (džúnhli, “jungle”), which should be indicated as masculine because its genitive plural is джу́нглів:

{{uk-ndecl|джу́нглі<M.pl>}}

which produces

Declension of джу́нглі (inan pl-only soft masc-form accent-a)

	plural
nominative	джу́нглі džúnhli
genitive	джу́нглів džúnhliv
dative	джу́нглям džúnhljam
accusative	джу́нглі džúnhli
instrumental	джу́нглями džúnhljamy
locative	джу́нглях džúnhljax
vocative	джу́нглі džúnhli

Another example is коно́плі (konópli, “hemp”), which is shown to be feminine by its genitive plural конопе́ль as well as by the cognate конопля́ (konopljá) in Russian, which is singular/plural and feminine:

{{uk-ndecl|коно́плі<F.*#.pl>}}

which produces

Declension of коно́плі (inan pl-only soft fem-form accent-a reduc)

	plural
nominative	коно́плі konópli
genitive	конопе́ль konopélʹ
dative	коно́плям konópljam
accusative	коно́плі konópli
instrumental	коно́плями konópljamy
locative	коно́плях konópljax
vocative	коно́плі konópli

Note here that the noun is reducible, with reversed genitive plural stress, as indicated by *#.

Some feminine plural-only nouns belong to the third declension, i.e. their singular equivalent would end in a consonant or -ь rather than -а or -я. This is shown most clearly by a genitive plural in -ей. An example is две́рі (dvéri, “door(s)”), with genitive plural двере́й (compare Russian дверь (dverʹ)). This should be indicated using the code 3rd. This automatically implies F, which doesn't need to be given explicitly:

{{uk-ndecl|две́рі<#.pl.3rd.insplýma:mý>}}

which produces

Declension of две́рі (inan pl-only 3rd-decl fem-form accent-a)

	plural
nominative	две́рі dvéri
genitive	двере́й dveréj
dative	две́рям dvérjam
accusative	две́рі dvéri
instrumental	двери́ма, дверми́ dverýma, dvermý
locative	две́рях dvérjax
vocative	две́рі dvéri

Here, the genitive plural has reversed stress (двере́й instead of expected *две́рей), and the instrumental plural is irregular.

Softness and hardness

Most of the time, whether a noun is soft, semisoft or hard can be determined automatically from the ending. Occasionally, however, this isn't the case (e.g. with nouns ending in -р). In addition, some nouns are hard in the singular and soft in the plural, or vice-versa. Special codes are provided for these cases.

By default, nouns in -р are hard. To specify that such a noun is soft, use soft. An example is бібліоте́кар (bibliotékar, “librarian”) (genitive singular бібліоте́каря, nominative plural бібліоте́карі, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|бібліоте́кар<pr.soft>}}

which produces

Declension of бібліоте́кар (pers soft masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бібліоте́кар bibliotékar	бібліоте́карі bibliotékari
genitive	бібліоте́каря bibliotékarja	бібліоте́карів bibliotékariv
dative	бібліоте́кареві, бібліоте́карю bibliotékarevi, bibliotékarju	бібліоте́карям bibliotékarjam
accusative	бібліоте́каря bibliotékarja	бібліоте́карів bibliotékariv
instrumental	бібліоте́карем bibliotékarem	бібліоте́карями bibliotékarjamy
locative	бібліоте́кареві, бібліоте́карю, бібліоте́карі bibliotékarevi, bibliotékarju, bibliotékari	бібліоте́карях bibliotékarjax
vocative	бібліоте́карю bibliotékarju	бібліоте́карі bibliotékari

A few nouns in -р are semisoft, meaning they take endings similar to nouns that end in a hushing consonant (one of ч ж ш щ). An example is батя́р (batjár, “ruffian”) (genitive singular батяра́ but instrumental singular батяре́м, nominative plural батярі́, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|батя́р<b.pr.semisoft>}}

which produces

Declension of батя́р (pers semisoft masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	батя́р batjár	батярі́ batjarí
genitive	батяра́ batjará	батярі́в batjarív
dative	батяре́ві, батяру́ batjarévi, batjarú	батяра́м batjarám
accusative	батяра́ batjará	батярі́в batjarív
instrumental	батяре́м batjarém	батяра́ми batjarámy
locative	батяре́ві, батяру́, батярі́ batjarévi, batjarú, batjarí	батяра́х batjaráx
vocative	батя́ре batjáre	батярі́ batjarí

A fourth type of noun in -р is hard except for the nominative plural, which is -і rather than expected *-и. An example is кома́р (komár, “mosquito”). To indicate this type, use an override (see below):

{{uk-ndecl|кома́р<b.anml.nompli>}}

which produces

Declension of кома́р (animal hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	кома́р komár	комарі́ komarí
genitive	комара́ komará	комарі́в komarív
dative	комаро́ві, комару́ komaróvi, komarú	комара́м komarám
accusative	комара́ komará	комарі́, комарі́в komarí, komarív
instrumental	комаро́м komaróm	комара́ми komarámy
locative	комаро́ві, комарі́ komaróvi, komarí	комара́х komaráx
vocative	кома́ре komáre	комарі́ komarí

A small number of nouns are hard in the singular but soft in the plural, or vice-versa. These nouns generally have other irregularities, such as having a different stem in the plural. An example is друг (druh, “friend”), which has soft endings in the plural based off of a stem друз- (nominative plural дру́зі, instrumental plural дру́зями, etc.):

{{uk-ndecl|друг<pr.plsoft.plstem:друз.voce>}}

which produces

Declension of друг (pers velar masc-form accent-a irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	друг druh	дру́зі drúzi
genitive	дру́га drúha	дру́зів drúziv
dative	дру́гові, дру́гу drúhovi, drúhu	дру́зям drúzjam
accusative	дру́га drúha	дру́зів drúziv
instrumental	дру́гом drúhom	дру́зями drúzjamy
locative	дру́гові, дру́гу drúhovi, drúhu	дру́зях drúzjax
vocative	дру́же drúže	дру́зі drúzi

Here we specify:

1. pr to indicate that this is a personal noun (accusative singular and plural are the same as the genitive singular and plural, respectively);
2. plsoft to indicate that this noun has soft endings in the plural;
3. plstem:друз to specify the irregular plural stem;
4. voce to override the vocative singular, giving it an ending -е instead of the normal ending -у for nouns ending in a velar. (This automatically triggers the Slavic first palatalization, giving the form дру́же. See below under automatic palatalization of velars.)

Vowel alternations

Similar to reducible alternations, some nouns have alternations between і and either о or е. Generally the і appears in the last syllable of a word with an ending not beginning with a vowel (similar to the reducible variant where a fill vowel is present), and the о or е appears in its place with an ending beginning with a vowel (similar to the reducible variant with no fill vowel). The cognate words in Russian and Polish generally have an о or е in all forms, showing that the і is a Ukrainian-specific development. An example is о́бід (óbid, “rim”), with genitive singular о́бода, nominative plural о́боди, etc. This is indicated using io to specify that an і in the lemma changes into an о in forms with an ending beginning with a vowel:

{{uk-ndecl|о́бід<io>}}

which produces

Declension of о́бід (inan hard masc-form accent-a і-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́бід óbid	о́боди óbody
genitive	о́бода óboda	о́бодів óbodiv
dative	о́бодові, о́боду óbodovi, óbodu	о́бодам óbodam
accusative	о́бід óbid	о́боди óbody
instrumental	о́бодом óbodom	о́бодами óbodamy
locative	о́боді óbodi	о́бодах óbodax
vocative	о́боде óbode	о́боди óbody

In some nouns, the sequence лі changes to льо rather than ло. To indicate this change, use ijo, as in вертолі́т (vertolít, “helicopter”), with genitive singular вертольо́та:

{{uk-ndecl|вертолі́т<ijo>}}

which produces

Declension of вертолі́т (inan hard masc-form accent-a і-ьо)

	singular	plural
nominative	вертолі́т vertolít	вертольо́ти vertolʹóty
genitive	вертольо́та vertolʹóta	вертольо́тів vertolʹótiv
dative	вертольо́тові, вертольо́ту vertolʹótovi, vertolʹótu	вертольо́там vertolʹótam
accusative	вертолі́т vertolít	вертольо́ти vertolʹóty
instrumental	вертольо́том vertolʹótom	вертольо́тами vertolʹótamy
locative	вертольо́ті vertolʹóti	вертольо́тах vertolʹótax
vocative	вертольо́те vertolʹóte	вертольо́ти vertolʹóty

Examples of other nouns with this change are лід (lid, “ice”), ко́лір (kólir, “color”). Note that in some nouns, лі changes to ло, e.g. плід (plid, “fruit”), пліт (plit, “raft”), глід (hlid, “hawthorn”), барлі́г (barlíh, “bear's lair”).

To indicate that the і changes into an е, use ie, as in ведмі́дь (vedmídʹ, “bear”), with genitive singular ведме́дя:

{{uk-ndecl|ведмі́дь<M.anml.ie>}}

which produces

Declension of ведмі́дь (animal soft masc-form accent-a і-е)

	singular	plural
nominative	ведмі́дь vedmídʹ	ведме́ді vedmédi
genitive	ведме́дя vedmédja	ведме́дів vedmédiv
dative	ведме́деві, ведме́дю vedmédevi, vedmédju	ведме́дям vedmédjam
accusative	ведме́дя vedmédja	ведме́ді, ведме́дів vedmédi, vedmédiv
instrumental	ведме́дем vedmédem	ведме́дями vedmédjamy
locative	ведме́деві, ведме́дю, ведме́ді vedmédevi, vedmédju, vedmédi	ведме́дях vedmédjax
vocative	ведме́дю vedmédju	ведме́ді vedmédi

The code ie should also be used for nouns with orthographic ї that changes into є, as in Ки́їв (Kýjiv, “Kyiv”), with genitive singular Ки́єва:

{{uk-ndecl|Ки́їв<sg.ie.datu>}}

which produces

Declension of Ки́їв (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a і-е)

	singular
nominative	Ки́їв Kýjiv
genitive	Ки́єва Kýjeva
dative	Ки́єву Kýjevu
accusative	Ки́їв Kýjiv
instrumental	Ки́євом Kýjevom
locative	Ки́єву, Ки́єві Kýjevu, Kýjevi
vocative	Ки́єве Kýjeve

(datu is a specific form override.)

Feminines in -а and -я, and neuters in -о, -е and -я, that have a vowel alternation will have it in the opposite direction, with an о or е in the lemma changing into an і in the genitive plural. This should be indicated using i, as in шко́ла (škóla, “school”), with genitive plural шкіл:

{{uk-ndecl|шко́ла<i>}}

which produces

Declension of шко́ла (inan hard fem-form accent-a о-і)

	singular	plural
nominative	шко́ла škóla	шко́ли škóly
genitive	шко́ли škóly	шкіл škil
dative	шко́лі škóli	шко́лам škólam
accusative	шко́лу škólu	шко́ли škóly
instrumental	шко́лою škóloju	шко́лами škólamy
locative	шко́лі škóli	шко́лах škólax
vocative	шко́ло škólo	шко́ли škóly

Note that feminines ending in a consonant or in -ь will have the same sort of alternation as in masculines, for example річ (rič, “thing”) with genitive ре́чі:

{{uk-ndecl|річ<F.e.ie>}}

which produces

Declension of річ (inan 3rd-decl fem-form accent-e і-е)

	singular	plural
nominative	річ rič	ре́чі réči
genitive	ре́чі réči	рече́й rečéj
dative	ре́чі réči	реча́м rečám
accusative	річ rič	ре́чі réči
instrumental	рі́ччю ríččju	реча́ми rečámy
locative	ре́чі réči	реча́х rečáx
vocative	ре́че réče	ре́чі réči

Such nouns have the і variant not only in the nominative and accusative singular but also in the instrumental singular, here рі́ччю.

Some reducible masculine nouns have an о or е in the lemma that changes into an і in most other forms, the opposite of the pattern of the majority of masculine nouns. An example is вдове́ць (vdovécʹ, “widower”), with genitive singular вдівця́:

{{uk-ndecl|вдове́ць<*.pr.i>}}

which produces

Declension of вдове́ць (pers soft masc-form accent-b о-і reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	вдове́ць vdovécʹ	вдівці́ vdivcí
genitive	вдівця́ vdivcjá	вдівці́в vdivcív
dative	вдівце́ві, вдівцю́ vdivcévi, vdivcjú	вдівця́м vdivcjám
accusative	вдівця́ vdivcjá	вдівці́в vdivcív
instrumental	вдівце́м vdivcém	вдівця́ми vdivcjámy
locative	вдівце́ві, вдівцю́, вдівці́ vdivcévi, vdivcjú, vdivcí	вдівця́х vdivcjáx
vocative	вдівцю́ vdivcjú	вдівці́ vdivcí

Special variants

There are various miscellaneous codes that can be used to indicate special variant declensions.

Nouns in -ин

Some nouns in -ин lose this ending in the plural. An example is кия́нин (kyjányn, “Kyivan”) (nominative plural кия́ни). For these nouns, use in:

{{uk-ndecl|кия́нин<pr.in>}}

which produces

Declension of кия́нин (pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	кия́нин kyjányn	кия́ни kyjány
genitive	кия́нина kyjányna	кия́н kyján
dative	кия́нинові, кия́нину kyjánynovi, kyjánynu	кия́нам kyjánam
accusative	кия́нина kyjányna	кия́н kyján
instrumental	кия́нином kyjánynom	кия́нами kyjánamy
locative	кия́нинові, кия́нині kyjánynovi, kyjányni	кия́нах kyjánax
vocative	кия́нине kyjányne	кия́ни kyjány

These nouns have an empty genitive plural ending in place of normal -ів (e.g. кия́н).

If the stress is on the ending, it automatically moves to the preceding syllable in the plural. An example is християни́н (xrystyjanýn, “Christian”) (nominative plural христия́ни). See #Spec alternations#spec alternations for an example showing how this noun is declined.

Third-declension feminine nouns

Third-declension feminine nouns are those whose singular ends in -ь or a consonant rather than -я or -а. Normally this is autodetected, but this is not possible in the plural, where the ending -і is the same as for nouns ending in -я. To indicate this type of noun, use 3rd. See the section on number for an example.

Surnames

Use surname to indicate that the noun is a surname, in which case the vocative singular can be the same as the nominative singular in addition to its normal form. An example is Януко́вич (Janukóvyč, “Yanukovych”):

{{uk-ndecl|Януко́вич<surname>}}

which produces

Declension of Януко́вич (pers semisoft masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	Януко́вич Janukóvyč	Януко́вичі Janukóvyči
genitive	Януко́вича Janukóvyča	Януко́вичів Janukóvyčiv
dative	Януко́вичеві, Януко́вичу Janukóvyčevi, Janukóvyču	Януко́вичам Janukóvyčam
accusative	Януко́вича Janukóvyča	Януко́вичів Janukóvyčiv
instrumental	Януко́вичем Janukóvyčem	Януко́вичами Janukóvyčamy
locative	Януко́вичеві, Януко́вичу, Януко́вичі Janukóvyčevi, Janukóvyču, Janukóvyči	Януко́вичах Janukóvyčax
vocative	Януко́вичу, Януко́вич Janukóvyču, Janukóvyč	Януко́вичі Janukóvyči

The use of surname automatically implies pr, since surnames almost always refer to people and hence are personal nouns.

t-stem neuters

Use t to indicate a t-stem neuter noun, i.e. a neuter noun that ends in -я and has a stem -ят in most forms. An example is ягня́ (jahnjá, “lamb”) (genitive singular ягня́ти, nominative plural ягня́та):

{{uk-ndecl|ягня́<t>}}

which produces

Declension of ягня́ (animal t-stem neut-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	ягня́ jahnjá	ягня́та jahnjáta
genitive	ягня́ти jahnjáty	ягня́т jahnját
dative	ягня́ті jahnjáti	ягня́там jahnjátam
accusative	ягня́ jahnjá	ягня́та, ягня́т jahnjáta, jahnját
instrumental	ягня́м jahnjám	ягня́тами jahnjátamy
locative	ягня́ті jahnjáti	ягня́тах jahnjátax
vocative	ягня́ jahnjá	ягня́та jahnjáta

Note that t automatically implies anml and N, as nouns of this form are always neuter and usually refer to the young of animals. An exception where animacy pr needs to be given is дівча́ (divčá, “girl (endearing)”), which is a personal t-stem neuter; see animacy for the declension of this noun. Another such exception is курча́та (kurčáta, “small cracks in the weathered skin of the feet, hands or face”) (literally "young chickens"; plural of курча́ (kurčá, “chick, young chicken”)). This can be indicated as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|курча́та<pl.inan.t>}}

which produces

Declension of курча́та (inan pl-only t-stem neut-form accent-b)

	plural
nominative	курча́та kurčáta
genitive	курча́т kurčát
dative	курча́там kurčátam
accusative	курча́та kurčáta
instrumental	курча́тами kurčátamy
locative	курча́тах kurčátax
vocative	курча́та kurčáta

en-stem neuters

Use en to indicate an en-stem neuter noun, i.e. a neuter noun that ends in -м'я and has an alternative stem -ен in most forms. An example is ви́м'я (výmʺja, “udder”) with alternative genitive/dative/locative singular ви́мені and alternative instrumental singular ви́менем:

{{uk-ndecl|ви́м'я<en>}}

which produces

Declension of ви́м'я (inan n-stem neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ви́м'я výmʺja	ви́м'я výmʺja
genitive	ви́м'я, ви́мені výmʺja, výmeni	ви́м'їв výmʺjiv
dative	ви́м'ю, ви́мені výmʺju, výmeni	ви́м'ям výmʺjam
accusative	ви́м'я výmʺja	ви́м'я výmʺja
instrumental	ви́м'ям, ви́менем výmʺjam, výmenem	ви́м'ями výmʺjamy
locative	ви́м'ї, ви́мені výmʺji, výmeni	ви́м'ях výmʺjax
vocative	ви́м'я výmʺja	ви́м'я výmʺja

As with t, en automatically implies N.

Stem overrides

Some nouns have an irregular stem compared with the lemma, either in all forms whose ending begins with a vowel or in all plural forms. An example of the former is ти́ждень (týždenʹ, “week”), with stem тижн- (e.g. genitive singular ти́жня, nominative plural ти́жні). To specify this, use stem:STEM:

{{uk-ndecl|ти́ждень<M.*.stem:тижн>}}

which produces

Declension of ти́ждень (inan soft masc-form accent-a reduc irreg-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	ти́ждень týždenʹ	ти́жні týžni
genitive	ти́жня týžnja	ти́жнів týžniv
dative	ти́жневі, ти́жню týžnevi, týžnju	ти́жням týžnjam
accusative	ти́ждень týždenʹ	ти́жні týžni
instrumental	ти́жнем týžnem	ти́жнями týžnjamy
locative	ти́жню, ти́жні týžnju, týžni	ти́жнях týžnjax
vocative	ти́жню týžnju	ти́жні týžni

Note here that we specify * to indicate a reducible noun, even though we override the stem. It's not actually necessary to specify *, but it affects the categorization and what is displayed in the title bar.

Some nouns, especially neuter nouns, have a distinct stem in the plural. An example is де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), with plural stem дере́в- (note the stress), e.g. nominative plural дере́ва. To specify this, use plstem:STEM:

{{uk-ndecl|де́рево<plstem:дере́в>}}

which produces

Declension of де́рево (inan hard neut-form accent-a irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	де́рево dérevo	дере́ва deréva
genitive	де́рева déreva	дере́в derév
dative	де́реву dérevu	дере́вам derévam
accusative	де́рево dérevo	дере́ва deréva
instrumental	де́ревом dérevom	дере́вами derévamy
locative	де́реві dérevi	дере́вах derévax
vocative	де́рево dérevo	дере́ва deréva

Specific form overrides

Specific forms can be overridden. The way to specify this is either SLOTENDING:ENDING:... to specify the ending(s) of a given slot (i.e. a case/number combination), SLOT:FORM:FORM:... to specify the whole form(s) of a given slot. Note the difference: When specifying endings, attach the ending(s) directly to the slot name, while when specifying forms, separate the slot name and form(s) with a colon. In both cases, separate endings and forms from each other using a colon. The endings and forms can be given either using Cyrillic letters or transliterated Roman letters; in the latter case, the Roman letters are reverse-transliterated to get the Cyrillic. The use of Roman letters is conventional when specifying endings, because these sorts of overrides are much more frequent than full form overrides, and Roman letters are easier to type when the slot name is also written using Roman letters.

Ending overrides

An example override is genu, which specifies that the genitive singular ends in -у (transliterated -u). This particular override is extremely frequent, as entire classes of masculine nouns require genitive in -у instead of the default -а. An example is вокза́л (vokzál, “train station”):

{{uk-ndecl|вокза́л<genu>}}

which produces

Declension of вокза́л (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	вокза́л vokzál	вокза́ли vokzály
genitive	вокза́лу vokzálu	вокза́лів vokzáliv
dative	вокза́лові, вокза́лу vokzálovi, vokzálu	вокза́лам vokzálam
accusative	вокза́л vokzál	вокза́ли vokzály
instrumental	вокза́лом vokzálom	вокза́лами vokzálamy
locative	вокза́лі vokzáli	вокза́лах vokzálax
vocative	вокза́ле vokzále	вокза́ли vokzály

Normally, an ending override overrides the ending itself but not the stress pattern, which remains as it would normally be. For example, when genu is used with a noun of stress pattern b, the ending will be stressed, as is normal for this stress pattern. An example is бур'я́н (burʺján, “weed”):

{{uk-ndecl|бур'я́н<b.genu>}}

which produces

Declension of бур'я́н (inan hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	бур'я́н burʺján	бур'яни́ burʺjaný
genitive	бур'яну́ burʺjanú	бур'яні́в burʺjanív
dative	бур'яно́ві, бур'яну́ burʺjanóvi, burʺjanú	бур'яна́м burʺjanám
accusative	бур'я́н burʺján	бур'яни́ burʺjaný
instrumental	бур'яно́м burʺjanóm	бур'яна́ми burʺjanámy
locative	бур'яні́ burʺjaní	бур'яна́х burʺjanáx
vocative	бур'я́не burʺjáne	бур'яни́ burʺjaný

To explicitly specify ending stress, place an accent on the ending, as with вид (vyd, “face, appearance”), which is stem-stressed (pattern a) except that it has an irregular locative виду́:

{{uk-ndecl|вид<genu.locú>}}

which produces

Declension of вид (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	вид vyd	ви́ди výdy
genitive	ви́ду výdu	ви́дів výdiv
dative	ви́дові, ви́ду výdovi, výdu	ви́дам výdam
accusative	вид vyd	ви́ди výdy
instrumental	ви́дом výdom	ви́дами výdamy
locative	виду́ vydú	ви́дах výdax
vocative	ви́де výde	ви́ди výdy

To explicitly specify stem stress when the stress pattern calls for ending stress, place an accent on the vowel of the slot name, as with суд (sud, “court (of law)”), which is ending-stressed (pattern b) except that it has an irregular genitive су́ду:

{{uk-ndecl|суд<b.génu>}}

which produces

Declension of суд (inan hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	суд sud	суди́ sudý
genitive	су́ду súdu	суді́в sudív
dative	судо́ві, суду́ sudóvi, sudú	суда́м sudám
accusative	суд sud	суди́ sudý
instrumental	судо́м sudóm	суда́ми sudámy
locative	суді́ sudí	суда́х sudáx
vocative	су́де súde	суди́ sudý

As mentioned above, separate multiple endings with a colon, as with очере́т (očerét, “reed”), which irregularly has locative singular either очере́ту or очере́ті and nominative plural either очере́та or очере́ти:

{{uk-ndecl|очере́т<locu:i.nompla:y>}}

which produces

Declension of очере́т (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	очере́т očerét	очере́та, очере́ти očeréta, očeréty
genitive	очере́та očeréta	очере́тів očerétiv
dative	очере́тові, очере́ту očerétovi, očerétu	очере́там očerétam
accusative	очере́т očerét	очере́та, очере́ти očeréta, očeréty
instrumental	очере́том očerétom	очере́тами očerétamy
locative	очере́ту, очере́ті očerétu, očeréti	очере́тах očerétax
vocative	очере́те očeréte	очере́та, очере́ти očeréta, očeréty

In more complicated cases, a given slot can be listed more than once. For example, стіл (stil, “table”) mostly follows stress pattern b, but has irregular genitive either стола́ or сто́лу. This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|стіл<b.io.gena.génu.loci:u>}}

which produces

Declension of стіл (inan hard masc-form accent-b і-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	стіл stil	столи́ stolý
genitive	стола́, сто́лу stolá, stólu	столі́в stolív
dative	столо́ві, столу́ stolóvi, stolú	стола́м stolám
accusative	стіл stil	столи́ stolý
instrumental	столо́м stolóm	стола́ми stolámy
locative	столі́, столу́ stolí, stolú	стола́х stoláx
vocative	сто́ле stóle	столи́ stolý

Note that for clarity, the genitive singular overrides could also be given as gená.génu to make the stress pattern of these forms completely clear.

Full overrides

Most irregularities in Ukrainian nouns involve irregular endings, but occasionally an irregular stem appears as well. If the irregular stem appears throughout the plural, or throughout the singular and plural except for the lemma, a stem override can be used (see above), but if the irregular stem is in only one or two forms, a full form override must be used. An example is стаття́ (stattjá, “article, item”), with irregular genitive plural стате́й:

{{uk-ndecl|стаття́<F.b.genpl:стате́й>}}

which produces

Declension of стаття́ (inan soft fem-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	стаття́ stattjá	статті́ stattí
genitive	статті́ stattí	стате́й statéj
dative	статті́ stattí	стаття́м stattjám
accusative	статтю́ stattjú	статті́ stattí
instrumental	статте́ю stattéju	стаття́ми stattjámy
locative	статті́ stattí	стаття́х stattjáx
vocative	статте́ statté	статті́ stattí

Here we specify the gender F (otherwise the noun would be inferred as neuter), and the stress pattern b (otherwise the noun would be inferred as pattern d).

Another example involving the genitive plural is вівця́ (vivcjá, “sheep”), with irregular genitive plural ове́ць:

{{вівця́<*.anml.genpl:ове́ць>}}

which produces

Declension of вівця́ (animal soft fem-form accent-d reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	вівця́ vivcjá	ві́вці vívci
genitive	вівці́ vivcí	ове́ць ovécʹ
dative	вівці́ vivcí	ві́вцям vívcjam
accusative	вівцю́ vivcjú	ві́вці, ове́ць vívci, ovécʹ
instrumental	вівце́ю vivcéju	ві́вцями vívcjamy
locative	вівці́ vivcí	ві́вцях vívcjax
vocative	вівце́ vivcé	ві́вці vívci

Null and missing overrides

To specify that a given form has a null ending, use - as the ending. An example is хоза́р (xozár, “Khazar”), which has genitive plural either хоза́р (with a null ending) or хоза́рів (with the regular ending -ів):

{{хоза́р<pr.genpl-:iv>}}

which produces

Declension of хоза́р (pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	хоза́р xozár	хоза́ри xozáry
genitive	хоза́ра xozára	хоза́р, хоза́рів xozár, xozáriv
dative	хоза́рові, хоза́ру xozárovi, xozáru	хоза́рам xozáram
accusative	хоза́ра xozára	хоза́р, хоза́рів xozár, xozáriv
instrumental	хоза́ром xozárom	хоза́рами xozáramy
locative	хоза́рові, хоза́рі xozárovi, xozári	хоза́рах xozárax
vocative	хоза́ре xozáre	хоза́ри xozáry

When - is used in a full override, it indicates that this particular form is entirely missing. An example is ага́ (ahá, “aga, agha (Turkish honorific)”), which per Goroh Slovozmina has no genitive plural:

{{uk-ndecl|ага́<b.pr.genpl:->}}

which produces

Declension of ага́ (pers hard fem-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	ага́ ahá	аги́ ahý
genitive	аги́ ahý	—
dative	азі́ azí	ага́м ahám
accusative	агу́ ahú	—
instrumental	аго́ю ahóju	ага́ми ahámy
locative	азі́ azí	ага́х aháx
vocative	аго́ ahó	аги́ ahý

Note the difference between this and the preceding example. This example uses a full override (colon directly follows genpl), while the preceding example uses an ending override (no colon directly after genpl).

Missing overrides can be useful in spec alternations in place of a full or ending override, when the other of the two alternatives in the alternation already specifies all the possible forms for a given slot. See more complex examples for an example of this.

Overrides and derived forms

Certain forms are derived from others, in that the forms in one slot are copied to another slot. Specifically:

• The accusative plural of all nouns is derived from either the nominative singular, the genitive singular or both, depending on animacy.
• The vocative plural of all nouns is derived from the nominative plural.
• The accusative singular of masculine nouns is derived from either the nominative singular or genitive singular, depending on animacy.
• The vocative singular of surnames (those with the surname code) is derived from the nominative singular in addition to whatever the form would normally be.

This has implications for overrides. Specifically, overrides of source slots (nominative singular, genitive singular, nominative plural, genitive plural) are implemented ***before*** copying to derived slots, but overrides of derived slots (accusative singular, accusative plural, vocative singular, vocative plural) are implemented ***after*** copying. This means that overrides of source slots such as the nominative and genitive plural will automatically be propagated to the slots derived from them, but overrides of derived slots is still possible.

For example, in the preceding example with вівця́ (vivcjá, “sheep”), where a genitive plural override ове́ць was given, the accusative plural will also have ове́ць as one of the two possibilities (along with ві́вці, derived from the nominative plural). Similarly, in the earlier example above with очере́т (očerét, “reed”), where a nominative plural ending override nompla:y is given to specify that the nominative plural should be either очере́та or очере́ти, both forms will also be found in the accusative and vocative plural.

An example of overriding a derived slot is пан (pan, “lord, sir”), which has an irregular alternative vocative plural пано́ве as well as the regular vocative plural пани́ derived from the nominative plural. This can be specified as follows:

{{пан<c.pr.locovi:u.vocply:ove>}}

which produces

Declension of пан (pers hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	пан pan	пани́ paný
genitive	па́на pána	пані́в panív
dative	па́нові, па́ну pánovi, pánu	пана́м panám
accusative	па́на pána	пані́в panív
instrumental	па́ном pánom	пана́ми panámy
locative	па́нові, па́ну pánovi, pánu	пана́х panáx
vocative	па́не páne	пани́, пано́ве paný, panóve

Slot names for overrides

The slot names are as follows:

Case	Singular	Accented variant	Plural	Accented variant
Nominative	nom	nóm	nompl	nómpl
Genitive	gen	gén	genpl	génpl
Dative	dat	dát	datpl	dátpl
Accusative	acc	ácc	accpl	áccpl
Instrumental	ins	íns	inspl	ínspl
Locative	loc	lóc	locpl	lócpl
Vocative	voc	vóc	vocpl	vócpl

Automatic palatalization of velars

Certain endings, when used as overrides (as well as when they are the default), automatically trigger the Slavic first palatalization or Slavic second palatalization of velar consonants. Specifically:

• The ending -е in the vocative singular triggers the Slavic first palatalization.
• The ending -і in the dative or locative singular triggers the Slavic second palatalization.

The palatalizations are as follows:

Letter	First palatalization	Second palatalization
к	ч	ц
г	ж	з
х	ш	с
ц	ч	ц

An example is чолові́к (čolovík, “man”). The default vocative singular ending for masculines ending in a velar is -у, but this noun has vocative singular чолові́че. To specify this, just use a regular ending override voce, and the first palatalization will automatically apply, converting к into ч:

{{uk-ndecl|чолові́к<pr.voce>}}

which produces

Declension of чолові́к (pers velar masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	чолові́к čolovík	чолові́ки čolovíky
genitive	чолові́ка čolovíka	чолові́ків čolovíkiv
dative	чолові́кові, чолові́ку čolovíkovi, čolovíku	чолові́кам čolovíkam
accusative	чолові́ка čolovíka	чолові́ків čolovíkiv
instrumental	чолові́ком čolovíkom	чолові́ками čolovíkamy
locative	чолові́кові, чолові́ку čolovíkovi, čolovíku	чолові́ках čolovíkax
vocative	чолові́че čolovíče	чолові́ки čolovíky

Another example is ріг (rih, “horn (object)”). The default locative singular ending for inanimate masculines ending in a velar is -у, but this noun has locative singular ро́зі. As above, use a regular ending override loci, and the second palatalization will automatically apply:

{{uk-ndecl|ріг<io.loci>}}

which produces

Declension of ріг (inan velar masc-form accent-a і-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	ріг rih	ро́ги róhy
genitive	ро́га róha	ро́гів róhiv
dative	ро́гові, ро́гу róhovi, róhu	ро́гам róham
accusative	ріг rih	ро́ги róhy
instrumental	ро́гом róhom	ро́гами róhamy
locative	ро́зі rózi	ро́гах róhax
vocative	ро́гу róhu	ро́ги róhy

Default forms for specific slots

The rules for which endings are used by default in specific slots (e.g. locative singular) are fairly complicated. This is because Ukrainian nouns are complex, often with multiple possible endings allowed for a given slot and with many exceptions.

Genitive singular

• Masculine nouns default to -а (or -я for soft nouns) in most cases, but default to -у (or -ю for soft nouns) in singular-only common nouns (not singular-only proper nouns). The default of -а/-я is correct for essentially all animate nouns, and the default of -у/-ю is correct for almost all singular-only common nouns. However, there are many inanimate singular/plural common nouns, and many inanimate proper nouns, that need a genu or genju override. The particular ending used is a function of the semantic category of the noun. For example, names of cities use -а/-я, but names of states and countries use -у/-ю; words referring to most types of objects use -а/-я, but words referring to materials use -у/-ю. Hence, Алжи́р (Alžýr, “Algiers”) (a city) uses -а, but Алжи́р (Alžýr, “Algeria”) (a country) uses -у, and ріг (rih, “horn (object)”) uses -а, but ріг (rih, “horn (material)”) uses -у.

Locative singular

The rules for the locative singular of masculine nouns are quite complex.

• For velar-stem nouns:
  1. Animate nouns use either -ові or -у.
  2. Reducible inanimate nouns also use either -ові or -у.
  3. Non-reducible inanimate nouns use -у.
• For non-velar hard-stem nouns:
  1. Animate nouns use either -ові or -і.
  2. Inanimate singular-only nouns use either -у or -і.
  3. Inanimate singular/plural nouns use -і.
• For soft-stem nouns:
  1. Animate nouns use either -еві, -ю or -і.
  2. Inanimate nouns use either -ю or -і.
• Semisoft-stem nouns are analogous to soft-stem nouns:
  1. Animate nouns use either -еві, -у or -і.
  2. Inanimate nouns use either -у or -і.

Vocative singular

FILL IN

Genitive plural

FILL IN

Spec alternations

Some nouns have declensions with multiple possible stress patterns, or which appear to be composed of the union of multiple individual declensions. This can be handled using a spec alternation. A basic example is апо́строф (apóstrof, “apostrophe”), also stressable as апостро́ф (apostróf):

{{uk-ndecl|((апо́строф<>,апостро́ф<>))}}

which produces

Declension of апо́строф, апостро́ф (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	апо́строф, апостро́ф apóstrof, apostróf	апо́строфи, апостро́фи apóstrofy, apostrófy
genitive	апо́строфа, апостро́фа apóstrofa, apostrófa	апо́строфів, апостро́фів apóstrofiv, apostrófiv
dative	апо́строфові, апо́строфу, апостро́фові, апостро́фу apóstrofovi, apóstrofu, apostrófovi, apostrófu	апо́строфам, апостро́фам apóstrofam, apostrófam
accusative	апо́строф, апостро́ф apóstrof, apostróf	апо́строфи, апостро́фи apóstrofy, apostrófy
instrumental	апо́строфом, апостро́фом apóstrofom, apostrófom	апо́строфами, апостро́фами apóstrofamy, apostrófamy
locative	апо́строфі, апостро́фі apóstrofi, apostrófi	апо́строфах, апостро́фах apóstrofax, apostrófax
vocative	апо́строфе, апостро́фе apóstrofe, apostrófe	апо́строфи, апостро́фи apóstrofy, apostrófy

Note the format: Two (or more) full declension specifications, comma-separated, surrounded by double parentheses.

If both declensions overlap in some forms, the forms will be deduplicated, and will only appear once. For example, христия́нин (xrystyjányn) has nominative plural христия́ни (where -ин disappears in the plural), and has an alternative stress pattern християни́н (xrystyjanýn), with the same nominative plural христия́ни (here again, -ин disppears in the plural, and since it is stressed, the stress moves onto the previous syllable). This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|((христия́нин<pr.in>,християни́н<pr.in>))}}

which produces

Declension of христия́нин, християни́н (pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	христия́нин, християни́н xrystyjányn, xrystyjanýn	христия́ни xrystyjány
genitive	христия́нина, християни́на xrystyjányna, xrystyjanýna	христия́н xrystyján
dative	христия́нинові, христия́нину, християни́нові, християни́ну xrystyjánynovi, xrystyjánynu, xrystyjanýnovi, xrystyjanýnu	христия́нам xrystyjánam
accusative	христия́нина, християни́на xrystyjányna, xrystyjanýna	христия́н xrystyján
instrumental	христия́нином, християни́ном xrystyjánynom, xrystyjanýnom	христия́нами xrystyjánamy
locative	христия́нинові, христия́нині, християни́нові, християни́ні xrystyjánynovi, xrystyjányni, xrystyjanýnovi, xrystyjanýni	христия́нах xrystyjánax
vocative	христия́нине, християни́не xrystyjányne, xrystyjanýne	христия́ни xrystyjány

Note how the plural has only one form per slot.

There is no requirement that the lemmas in the two alternative specifications have different stress patterns, or that the associated specifications inside of <...> are the same. For example, сту́пінь (stúpinʹ, “step”) has two alternative declensions, one with an і -> е alternation (genitive singular сту́пеня) and the other with vowel reduction (genitive singular сту́пня). This can be specified as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|((сту́пінь<M.ie>,сту́пінь<M.*>))}}

which produces

Declension of сту́пінь (inan soft masc-form accent-a і-е mixed-reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	сту́пінь stúpinʹ	сту́пені, сту́пні stúpeni, stúpni
genitive	сту́пеня, сту́пня stúpenja, stúpnja	сту́пенів, сту́пнів stúpeniv, stúpniv
dative	сту́пеневі, сту́пеню, сту́пневі, сту́пню stúpenevi, stúpenju, stúpnevi, stúpnju	сту́пеням, сту́пням stúpenjam, stúpnjam
accusative	сту́пінь stúpinʹ	сту́пені, сту́пні stúpeni, stúpni
instrumental	сту́пенем, сту́пнем stúpenem, stúpnem	сту́пенями, сту́пнями stúpenjamy, stúpnjamy
locative	сту́пеню, сту́пені, сту́пню, сту́пні stúpenju, stúpeni, stúpnju, stúpni	сту́пенях, сту́пнях stúpenjax, stúpnjax
vocative	сту́пеню, сту́пню stúpenju, stúpnju	сту́пені, сту́пні stúpeni, stúpni

Footnotes

Footnotes can be attached in any of the following three places:

• Onto an entire spec, applying to all forms generated by that spec. This is most useful when multiple alternative specs are used in a spec alternation.
• Onto a stress pattern, applying to all forms generated by the stress pattern.
• Onto an individual override, applying to that form.

An example is пе́рстень (pérstenʹ, “ring”), where the normal stem used in most forms is персн-. Regular forms using the stem пе́рстен- also exist but are rare. Specify this as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|((пе́рстень<M.*.stem:персн>,пе́рстень<M.[rare]>))}}

which produces

Declension of пе́рстень (inan soft masc-form accent-a mixed-reduc irreg-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	пе́рстень pérstenʹ	пе́рсні, пе́рстені1 pérsni, pérsteni1
genitive	пе́рсня, пе́рстеня1 pérsnja, pérstenja1	пе́рснів, пе́рстенів1 pérsniv, pérsteniv1
dative	пе́рсневі, пе́рсню, пе́рстеневі1, пе́рстеню1 pérsnevi, pérsnju, pérstenevi1, pérstenju1	пе́рсням, пе́рстеням1 pérsnjam, pérstenjam1
accusative	пе́рстень pérstenʹ	пе́рсні, пе́рстені1 pérsni, pérsteni1
instrumental	пе́рснем, пе́рстенем1 pérsnem, pérstenem1	пе́рснями, пе́рстенями1 pérsnjamy, pérstenjamy1
locative	пе́рсню, пе́рсні, пе́рстеню1, пе́рстені1 pérsnju, pérsni, pérstenju1, pérsteni1	пе́рснях, пе́рстенях1 pérsnjax, pérstenjax1
vocative	пе́рсню, пе́рстеню1 pérsnju, pérstenju1	пе́рсні, пе́рстені1 pérsni, pérsteni1

¹Rare.

Here, we attach a footnote "rare" to the second of two specs in a spec alternation. The effect of this is that all forms generated by the second spec that are ***not*** also present in the first spec will have this footnote. (Hence, nominative and accusative singular пе́рстень will not have it.)

Another example that attaches a footnote to a single override is with вік (vik, “age, lifetime”), which has two locative singular forms, ві́ці (used with у (u)) and віку́ (used with на (na)). To indicate this, we can attach a footnote to the second form as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|вік<sg.loci:ú[''ві́ці'' is normally used with {{m|uk|у}}, and ''віку́'' with {{m|uk|на}}]>}}

which produces

Declension of вік (inan sg-only velar masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	вік vik
genitive	ві́ку víku
dative	ві́кові, ві́ку víkovi, víku
accusative	вік vik
instrumental	ві́ком víkom
locative	ві́ці, віку́1 víci, vikú1
vocative	ві́ку víku

¹ві́ці is normally used with у (u), and віку́ with на (na).

Note that nested brackets, angle brackets, braces, etc. can occur inside the footnote as long as they are properly paired.

More complex examples

1. штани́ (štaný, “trousers, pants”) has the following forms:

• Nominative/accusative/vocative plural: штани́
• Genitive plural: штані́в
• Dative plural: шта́ням, штана́м
• Instrumental plural: шта́нями, штана́ми, штаньми́
• Locative plural: шта́нях, штана́х

The dative, instrumental and locative plural have both soft and hard endings, with different stress patterns. This suggests that a spec alternation could be used. Since the nominative plural only has hard endings, the soft alternative needs to use a soft-ending lemma and override the nominative plural. The result is as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|((шта́ні<M.#.pl.nompl:->,штани́<M.pl.insplamy:ьmy>))}}

which produces

Declension of штани́ (inan pl-only soft masc-form // hard masc-form accent-a/b)

	plural
nominative	штани́ štaný
genitive	штані́в štanív
dative	шта́ням, штана́м štánjam, štanám
accusative	штани́ štaný
instrumental	шта́нями, штана́ми, штаньми́ štánjamy, štanámy, štanʹmý
locative	шта́нях, штана́х štánjax, štanáx
vocative	штани́ štaný

The first alternative captures the soft stem-stressed forms, with a missing nominative plural override (see null and missing overrides above) and the reversed genitive-stress indicator #. The second alternative captures the hard ending-stressed forms, and specifies an instrumental plural override to capture the additional form штаньми́.

2. чо́біт (čóbit, “boot”) has mostly regular forms in the singular, with an і-о vowel alternation (e.g. genitive singular чо́бота) but has irregular locative singular чо́боту, чо́боті as well as the following forms in the plural:

• Nominative/accusative/vocative plural: чо́боти
• Genitive plural: чобі́т
• Dative plural: чо́ботам, чобо́тям
• Instrumental plural: чо́ботами, чобітьми́
• Locative plural: чо́ботах, чобо́тях

It is possible to use a spec alternation as in the previous example (where the second alternative uses plsoft and plstem:чобо́т), but in this case it may be simpler just to explicitly specify the irregular plural forms using full overrides:

{{uk-ndecl|чо́біт<io.locu:i.genpl:чобі́т.datpl:чо́ботам:чобо́тям.insplamy:ьmý.locpl:чо́ботах:чобо́тях>}}

which produces

Declension of чо́біт (inan hard masc-form accent-a і-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	чо́біт čóbit	чо́боти čóboty
genitive	чо́бота čóbota	чобі́т čobít
dative	чо́ботові, чо́боту čóbotovi, čóbotu	чо́ботам, чобо́тям čóbotam, čobótjam
accusative	чо́біт čóbit	чо́боти čóboty
instrumental	чо́ботом čóbotom	чо́ботами, чобітьми́ čóbotamy, čobitʹmý
locative	чо́боту, чо́боті čóbotu, čóboti	чо́ботах, чобо́тях čóbotax, čobótjax
vocative	чо́боте čóbote	чо́боти čóboty

Note the use of an ending override in the instrumental plural. Since the specified instrumental plural ending -ьми́ does not begin with a vowel, the non-vowel alternant with і instead of о is used. A full override would also be possible; conversely, an ending override could be used in the genitive plural, with a reversed genitive-plural stress indicator, i.e. #.genpl-.

The shortest equivalent using a spec alternation would be as follows:

{{uk-ndecl|((чо́біт<io.#.locu:i.genpl->,чо́біт<io.plsoft.plstem:чобо́т.nompl:-.genpl:-.insplьmý>))}}

Note that this is even longer than the specification using full overrides, and harder to understand.