虐
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]虐 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 21211, composition ⿸虍𰀂(GHTKV) or ⿸虍𰀄(J))
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32678
- Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2820, character 5
- Unihan data for U+8650
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 虐 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虐 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰀂 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 虐 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 人 (“person”).
Etymology
[edit]Possibly related to 謔 (OC *hŋawɢ, “to ridicule”) (Bodman, 1980)。
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyioh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ieh4 / nieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): ngiŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngiŏk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8gniaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyio6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nyuè
- Wade–Giles: nüeh4
- Yale: nywè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niueh
- Palladius: нюэ (njue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek6
- Yale: yeuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek9
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngiak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡiak̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyioh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲiɔʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiok
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiog5
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ieh4 / nieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/, /niəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
Note:
- ieh4 - literary;
- nieh4 - vernacular.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngiŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋiɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyoʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
- Tâi-lô: gio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
- Tâi-lô: lio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: liok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
- Tâi-lô: jio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- gio̍k/gia̍k - literary;
- lio̍k/jio̍k, ge̍k - vernacular;
- gio̍h - vernacular (e.g. 礙虐).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 虐 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /nyɛ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /iau⁵³/ /nyɛ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /niɑu⁵³/ /nye⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /yə²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /yə⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /yo²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /yo²¹/ | |
Xining | /ȵyu²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /nye¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /yə¹³/ /miə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /yɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nio²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /nyo³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /nio²¹/ | |
Kunming | /nio³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /loʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /lyɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /ȵyʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /niaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiaʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiɑʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵiɑʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵa²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /niɔ²²/ |
Tunxi | /ȵio¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵio²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵio²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiok̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiok̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœk̚²/ |
Nanning | /nœk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /jœk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giɔk̚⁵/ /liɔk̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋyoʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋiɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋiak̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /niɔk̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)awk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋawɢ/
Definitions
[edit]虐
- cruel; tyrannical; oppressive
- to abuse; to maltreat
- (literary) disaster; calamity, catastrophe
Compounds
[edit]- 亂虐/乱虐
- 二豎為虐/二竖为虐
- 五虐
- 侈虐
- 侵虐
- 傲虐
- 僭虐
- 兇虐/凶虐
- 兒童受虐/儿童受虐
- 冤虐
- 凌虐 (língnüè)
- 凶虐
- 刁虐
- 刻虐
- 削虐
- 助天為虐/助天为虐
- 助桀為虐/助桀为虐
- 助紂為虐/助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
- 助紂爲虐/助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
- 助虐
- 厲虐/厉虐
- 受虐 (shòunüè)
- 嗣虐
- 嚴虐/严虐
- 大虐
- 奢虐
- 威虐
- 定虐
- 害虐
- 寇虐
- 弒虐/弑虐
- 強虐/强虐
- 德虐
- 忍虐
- 恣虐
- 悖虐
- 悍虐
- 惡虐/恶虐
- 慘虐/惨虐
- 戕虐
- 戾虐
- 扇虐
- 搆虐/构虐
- 施虐 (shīnüè)
- 旱虐
- 旱魃為虐/旱魃为虐
- 昏虐
- 暴虐 (bàonüè)
- 暴虐浮躁
- 暴虐無道/暴虐无道
- 桀虐
- 楚虐
- 榮古虐今/荣古虐今
- 橫虐/横虐
- 欺虐
- 殘虐/残虐 (cánnüè)
- 毒虐
- 汰虐
- 淫虐
- 淩虐/凌虐
- 災虐/灾虐
- 灼虐
- 炎虐
- 焅虐
- 煽虐
- 狂虐
- 狠虐
- 猜虐
- 礙虐/碍虐 (gāi-gio̍h) (Min Nan)
- 祖龍之虐/祖龙之虐
- 禁虐
- 窮凶極虐/穷凶极虐
- 篡虐
- 罔上虐下
- 肆虐 (sìnüè)
- 苛虐
- 虐世
- 虐人
- 虐使
- 虐刑
- 虐刻
- 虐割
- 虐士
- 虐威
- 虐害
- 虐待 (nüèdài)
- 虐待狂 (nüèdàikuáng)
- 虐戕
- 虐戲/虐戏
- 虐戾
- 虐政 (nüèzhèng)
- 虐斂/虐敛
- 虐暑
- 虐暴
- 虐殺/虐杀 (nüèshā)
- 虐民
- 虐烈
- 虐焰
- 虐燄/虐焰
- 虐用
- 虐疾
- 虐行
- 虐謀/虐谋
- 虐謔/虐谑
- 虐遇
- 虐饕
- 虐魃
- 虣虐
- 被虐待狂
- 詐虐/诈虐
- 誅虐/诛虐
- 謔而不虐/谑而不虐 (xuè'érbùnüè)
- 譖虐/谮虐
- 豺虎肆虐
- 貪虐/贪虐
- 賊虐/贼虐
- 躁虐
- 逞虐
- 遺虐/遗虐
- 邪虐
- 鄙虐
- 酗虐
- 酷虐
- 醟虐/蒏虐
- 醜虐/丑虐
- 陵上虐下
- 陵虐 (língnüè)
- 險虐/险虐
- 雪虐風饕/雪虐风饕
- 頑虐/顽虐
- 饕虐
- 饕風虐雪/饕风虐雪
- 首虐
- 騷虐/骚虐
- 驕侈淫虐/骄侈淫虐
- 魃虐
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 虐 | ![]() |
Kyūjitai [1][2] |
虐󠄁 虐+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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虐󠄃 虐+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]虐
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)←ぎやく (gyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)←ぎやく (gyaku, historical)
- Kun: しいたげる (shītageru, 虐げる, Jōyō)←しひたげる (sifitageru, 虐げる, historical)、いじめ (ijime, 虐め)←いぢめ (idime, 虐め, historical)、いじめる (ijimeru, 虐める)←いぢめる (idimeru, 虐める, historical)、しえたげる (shietageru, 虐げる)←しへたげる (sifetageru, 虐げる, historical)、むごい (mugoi, 虐い)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 악 (ak) based on Middle Chinese 虐 (MC ngjak).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: ngak) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [학]
Hanja
[edit]虐 (eum 모질 학 (mojil hak))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]虐: Hán Nôm readings: ngược, ngước
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぎやく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぎゃく
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぎやく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しいた・げる
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading しひた・げる
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading いじ・める
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いぢ・める
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading しへた・げる
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