hull

See also: Hull and hüll

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hʌl/
• Rhymes: -ʌl

Etymology 1

From Middle English hul (“seed covering”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”), German Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
2. Any covering.

Synonyms

• (outer covering of fruit or seed): husk, shell

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ahull
• hull-down
• monohull

• multihull
• tank hull
• twinhull

Translations

outer covering of a fruit or seed

• Bulgarian: шушулка (bg) m (šušulka)
• Dutch: dop (nl) m or f
• Estonian: kõder, seemnekest
• Finnish: kuori (fi)
• French: coque (fr) f, cosse (fr) f
• Galician: casca (gl) f, moíña f, carapa f, cornella f, carolo (gl) m, bagullo m, casulo m, bolerca (gl) f, pela f
• Greek: φλοιός (el) m (floiós), φλούδα (el) f (floúda)
• Hungarian: héj (hu), hüvely (hu)
• Irish: crotal m
• Malay: sekam
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Manx: bleayst f
• Maori: pāpapa
• Navajo: atsʼaʼ
• Portuguese: casca (pt) f
• Romanian: coajă (ro) f, piele (ro) f, înveliș (ro) n, păstaie (ro) f (pod)
• Russian: шелуха́ (ru) f (šeluxá), скорлупа́ (ru) f (skorlupá)
• Scottish Gaelic: cochall m
• Spanish: hollejo (es) m, vaina (es) f
• Swedish: balja (sv) c, skida (sv) c, skal (sv) c
• Welsh: cib m, masgl m (South)

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.

Synonyms

• (to remove hull of a fruit or seed): peel, husk, shell, shuck

Translations

to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel

• Bulgarian: беля (bg) (belja), лющя (bg) (ljuštja)
• Dutch: doppen (nl)
• Finnish: kuoria (fi)
• French: écosser (fr), décortiquer (fr)
• Galician: escarolar (gl), descascar, deluvar, estonar (gl)
• Greek: ξεφλουδίζω (el) (xefloudízo), αποφλοιώνω (el) (apofloióno)
• Hungarian: hámoz (hu), lehámoz, meghámoz (hu), fejt (hu), hántol (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Irish: scil
• Maori: kōwhā
• Portuguese: descascar (pt)
• Russian: очища́ть (ru) (očiščátʹ) (от шелухи́), лущи́ть (ru) impf (luščítʹ)
• Swedish: skala (sv)
• Welsh: diblisgo, disbeinio

Etymology 2

Origin uncertain; perhaps the same word as Etymology 1, above.

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.
   • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, Quatrain 60, 1808, The Works of John Dryden, Volume 9, page 115,

     Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.

2. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

   The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.

   holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull

Synonyms

• (frame of a vessel): fuselage (of a winged aircraft)
• (smallest set containing a given set of points): span

Derived terms

• affine hull
• convex hull
• invective hull

Translations

frame of a ship or plane

• Belarusian: ко́рпус m (kórpus)
• Bulgarian: корпус (bg) m (korpus), фюзелаж m (fjuzelaž)
• Catalan: buc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Dutch: casco (nl) n, scheepsromp m
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: runko (fi)
• French: coque (fr) f
• Galician: casco m
• German: Rumpf (de) m
• Greek: σκαρί (el) n (skarí)
• Hebrew: גּוּף (he) m (guf)
• Hungarian: hajótest (hu), test (hu), törzs (hu)
• Ido: kareno (io)
• Irish: cabhail f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: scafo (it) m
• Japanese: 船体 (sentai)
• Maori: tīwai, pāpāwai (outer surface), tahiwi, kōhiwi
• Navajo: atsʼaʼ
• Norman: côsse f
• Norwegian: skrog (no) n
• Portuguese: casco (pt) m
• Romanian: cocă (ro) f, carenă (ro) f
• Russian: ко́рпус (ru) m (kórpus)
• Scottish Gaelic: slige f, plaosg m, cochall m
• Serbo-Croatian: trup (sh) m
• Spanish: casco (es) m
• Swedish: skrov (sv)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: ко́рпус (uk) m (kórpus)
• Welsh: corff llong m, cyrff llongau m pl

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
   • Template:RQ:Florio Montaigne Essayes
   • c. 1612, William Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Act II, Scene 4,^[1]

     […] Thus hulling in

     The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer

     Toward this remedy, whereupon we are

     Now present here together:

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition edited by Samuel Johnson, London: J. Payne, 1756, Part I, p. 8,^[2]

     In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.

2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
   • 1774, George Shelvocke, The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World in David Henry (ed.), An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators, London: F. Newbery, Volume 2, p. 163,^[3]

     During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]

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Estonian

Etymology

From . Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull.

Adjective

hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullum, superlative kõige hullum)

1. crazy, mad

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Hungarian

Alternative forms

• hullik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhulː]

Verb

hull

1. (intransitive) to fall

   Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)

   térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees

2. (intransitive, of tears) to flow
3. (intransitive, of hair) to fall out
4. (intransitive) to die (in large quantities)

   Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies.

Conjugation

conjugation of hull

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullok	hullsz	hull	hullunk	hulltok	hullnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hulltam	hulltál	hullt	hulltunk	hulltatok	hulltak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hullék	hullál	hulla	hullánk	hullátok	hullának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hullandok	hullandasz	hulland	hullandunk	hullandotok	hullandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullnék	hullnál	hullna	hullnánk	hullnátok	hullnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullt légyen
Infinitive	hullni		hullnom	hullnod	hullnia	hullnunk	hullnotok	hullniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	hullás		hulló	hullt	―	hullva (hullván)

potential conjugation of hull

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhatok	hullhatsz	hullhat	hullhatunk	hullhattok	hullhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hullhattam	hullhattál	hullhatott	hullhattunk	hullhattatok	hullhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hullhaték	hullhatál	hullhata	hullhatánk	hullhatátok	hullhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hullhatandok or hullandhatok	hullhatandasz or hullandhatsz	hullhatand or hullandhat	hullhatandunk or hullandhatunk	hullhatandotok or hullandhattok	hullhatandanak or hullandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhatnék	hullhatnál	hullhatna	hullhatnánk	hullhatnátok	hullhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhassak	hullhass or hullhassál	hullhasson	hullhassunk	hullhassatok	hullhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullhatott légyen
Inf.	(hullhatni)		(hullhatnom)	(hullhatnod)	(hullhatnia)	(hullhatnunk)	(hullhatnotok)	(hullhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(hullhatva / hullhatván)

or

conjugation of hull

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullok	hullasz	hull	hullunk	hullotok	hullanak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hullottam	hullottál	hullott	hullottunk	hullottatok	hullottak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullani fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hullék	hullál	hulla	hullánk	hullátok	hullának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hullandok	hullandasz	hulland	hullandunk	hullandotok	hullandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullanék	hullanál	hullana	hullanánk	hullanátok	hullanának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullott légyen
Infinitive	hullani		hullanom	hullanod	hullania	hullanunk	hullanotok	hullaniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	hullás		hulló	hullott	―	hullva (hullván)

potential conjugation of hull

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhatok	hullhatsz	hullhat	hullhatunk	hullhattok	hullhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hullhattam	hullhattál	hullhatott	hullhattunk	hullhattatok	hullhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hullhaték	hullhatál	hullhata	hullhatánk	hullhatátok	hullhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hullhatandok or hullandhatok	hullhatandasz or hullandhatsz	hullhatand or hullandhat	hullhatandunk or hullandhatunk	hullhatandotok or hullandhattok	hullhatandanak or hullandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhatnék	hullhatnál	hullhatna	hullhatnánk	hullhatnátok	hullhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullhassak	hullhass or hullhassál	hullhasson	hullhassunk	hullhassatok	hullhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hullhatott légyen
Inf.	(hullhatni)		(hullhatnom)	(hullhatnod)	(hullhatnia)	(hullhatnunk)	(hullhatnotok)	(hullhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(hullhatva / hullhatván)

Derived terms

• hulla
• hulladék
• hullat
• hulldogál

(With verbal prefixes):

• aláhull
• áthull
• behull
• belehull
• elhull
• kihull
• lehull
• ráhull
• széthull
• visszahull

Further reading

• hull in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hól

Alternative forms

• hol

Noun

hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

1. a hole

Derived terms

• hullemaskin
• knapphull
• kulehull
• mannhull
• nøkkelhull
• tittehull

 

Etymology 2

Verb

hull

1. (deprecated template usage) imperative of hulle

See also

• hòl (Nynorsk)

References

• “hull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.