ith

See also: iþ, ið, -ið, and íð

English

Etymology 1

From i +‎ -th.

Alternative forms

• ith
• Sometimes written as i'th or i-th

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /aɪθ/, [aɪ̯θ]

Adjective

ith (not comparable)

1. (mathematics) Occurring at position i in a sequence.

Related terms

• nth

Translations

occurring at position i

• Italian: i-esimo (it)

Etymology 2

From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

Noun

ith (plural iths)

1. The letter ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

Related terms

• thee
• ish
• theta, the name of the IPA letter for this sound

Anagrams

• HIT, hit, iht

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Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian ìš, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).

Adverb

ith

1. (obsolete) behind

Related terms

• ind

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.

The occasional Munster past tense form duaidh is from Old Irish ·dúaid (deuterotonic do·fúaid), from dí- + fo- + Proto-Celtic *ed-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/, /ɪh/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /iː/

Verb

ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)

1. eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of ith

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	ithim	itheann tú; ithir†	itheann sé, sí	ithimid; itheann muid	itheann sibh	itheann siad; ithid†	a itheann; a itheas / a n-itheann*; a n-itheas*	itear
	past	d'ith mé; d'itheas / ith mé‡; itheas‡	d'ith tú; d'ithis / ith tú‡; ithis‡	d'ith sé, sí / ith sé, sí‡	d'itheamar; d'ith muid / itheamar‡; ith muid‡	d'ith sibh; d'itheabhair / ith sibh‡; itheabhair‡	d'ith siad; d'itheadar / ith siad‡; itheadar‡	a d'ith / ar ith*	itheadh; hitheadh†
	past habitual	d'ithinn / ithinn‡; n-ithinn‡‡	d'iteá / iteá‡; n-iteᇇ	d'itheadh sé, sí / itheadh sé, sí‡; n-itheadh‡‡	d'ithimis; d'itheadh muid / ithimis‡; itheadh muid‡; n-ithimis‡‡; n-itheadh muid‡‡	d'itheadh sibh / itheadh sibh‡; n-itheadh sibh‡‡	d'ithidís; d'itheadh siad / ithidís‡; itheadh siad‡; n-ithidís‡‡; n-itheadh siad‡‡	a d'itheadh / a n-itheadh*	d'ití / ití‡; n-it퇇
	future	íosfaidh mé; íosfad	íosfaidh tú; íosfair†	íosfaidh sé, sí	íosfaimid; íosfaidh muid	íosfaidh sibh	íosfaidh siad; íosfaid†	a íosfaidh, a íosfas / a n-íosfaidh*; a n-íosfas*	íosfar
conditional		d'íosfainn / íosfainn‡; n-íosfainn‡‡	d'íosfá / íosfá‡; n-íosfᇇ	d'íosfadh sé, sí / íosfadh sé, sí‡; n-íosfadh sé, s퇇	d'íosfaimis; d'íosfadh muid / íosfaimis‡; íosfadh muid‡; n-íosfaimis‡‡; n-íosfadh muid‡‡	d'íosfadh sibh / íosfadh sibh‡; n-íosfadh sibh‡‡	d'íosfaidís; d'íosfadh siad / íosfaidís‡; íosfadh siad‡; n-íosfaidís‡‡; n-íosfadh siad‡‡	a d'íosfadh / a n-íosfadh*	d'íosfaí / íosfaí‡; n-íosfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go n-ithe mé; go n-ithead†	go n-ithe tú; go n-ithir†	go n-ithe sé, sí	go n-ithimid; go n-ithe muid	go n-ithe sibh	go n-ithe siad; go n-ithid†	—	go n-itear
	past	dá n-ithinn	dá n-iteá	dá n-itheadh sé, sí	dá n-ithimis; dá n-itheadh muid	dá n-itheadh sibh	dá n-ithidís; dá n-itheadh siad	—	dá n-ití
imperative		ithim	ith	itheadh sé, sí	ithimis	ithigí; ithidh†	ithidís	—	itear
verbal noun		ithe
past participle		ite

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

In parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:

	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
past	duas	duais	duaidh sé, sí	duamair	duabhair	duadar	a dhuaidh / ar dhuaidh*	duadh

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ith	n-ith	hith	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• "ith" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 136.
• Holmer, Nils M. (1962). The Dialects of Co. Clare, part I. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, p. 151.
• Ó Buachalla, Breandán (2003). An Teanga Bheo: Gaeilge Chléire. Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, →ISBN, p. 82.

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Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the root of ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iθ/

Noun

ith n (genitive etho, no plural)

1. corn, grain

Declension

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ithN	—	—
Vocative	ithN	—	—
Accusative	ithN	—	—
Genitive	ethoH, athoH	—	—
Dative	ithL	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ioth

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iθʲ/

Verb

ith

1. second-person singular imperative of ithid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ith	unchanged	n-ith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iç/

Verb

ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)

1. eat

   Ith do leòr! ― Bon appetit!

   Ith, òl agus bi subhach! ― Eat, drink, and be merry!

Derived terms

• bioran-ithe (“chopstick”)
• bun-itheadair (“primary consumer”)
• feòil-itheach (“carnivore”)
• feòil-itheadair (“carnivorous”)
• feur-itheach, lus-itheach (“herbivore”)
• iar-itheadair (“secondary consumer”)
• itheadair (“eater”)
• itheadair-sheanganan (“anteater”)
• lus-itheadair (“herbivorous”)
• mì-rian ithe (“eating disorder”)
• seòmar-ithe (“dining room”)
• so-ithe, ion-ithe (“edible”)
• uidheam-ithe (“(a piece of) cutlery”)
• uil-itheadair (“omnivore”)

 

References

• “ith” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, →ISBN.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language