kurva

See also: kùrva

Albanian

Noun

kurva

1. inflection of kurvë:
   1. definite nominative singular
   2. indefinite nominative/accusative plural

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kurva, from Proto-Slavic *kury.

Parallel with Macedonian курва (kurva) (whence курваница (kurvanica), a natively formed term for “brothel” (and many other terms), see nevěstinec).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkurva]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kur‧va

Noun

kurva f

1. (vulgar) whore (prostitute)

   Synonyms: děvka, šlapka, běhna, prostitutka, nevěstka

Declension

Declension of kurva (hard feminine reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvy
genitive	kurvy	kurev
dative	kurvě	kurvám
accusative	kurvu	kurvy
vocative	kurvo	kurvy
locative	kurvě	kurvách
instrumental	kurvou	kurvami

Derived terms

• kurevník
• kurvit
• zkurvysyn

Related terms

• kur

See also

• markytánka

Adverb

kurva

1. (vulgar) fucking (very)

   Můj spolubydlící vždycky udělá nepořádek v kuchyni a je to kurva otravné. ― My roomate would always make a mess in the kitchen and it's fucking irritating.

Interjection

kurva

1. (vulgar) fuck!; shit! (Expression of anger, dismay, or discontent)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sakra

   Kurva! Zapomněl jsem zaplatit dnešní nájem! ― Fuck! I forgot to pay today's rent!

   Ó, kurva! Koupelna je zaplavená! ― Oh, shit! The bathroom is flooding!

   Co je kurva s tou mikrovlnkou? ― What the fuck is wrong with the microwave?

   Jiří, můžeš si kurva pospíšit? Máme schůzku u doktora! ― George, will you hurry the fuck up? We have a doctor’s appointment!

Further reading

• “kurva”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kurva”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kurva”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Estonian

Adjective

kurva

1. genitive singular of kurb

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -urʋɑ
• Syllabification^(key): kur‧va
• Hyphenation^(key): kur‧va

Etymology 1

See the entry for the lemma form.

Noun

kurva (colloquial)

1. alternative form of kurvi

Declension

Inflection of kurva (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		kurva	kurvat
genitive		kurvan	kurvien
partitive		kurvaa	kurvia
illative		kurvaan	kurviin
		singular	plural
nominative		kurva	kurvat
accusative	nom.	kurva	kurvat
	gen.	kurvan
genitive		kurvan	kurvien kurvain rare
partitive		kurvaa	kurvia
inessive		kurvassa	kurvissa
elative		kurvasta	kurvista
illative		kurvaan	kurviin
adessive		kurvalla	kurvilla
ablative		kurvalta	kurvilta
allative		kurvalle	kurville
essive		kurvana	kurvina
translative		kurvaksi	kurviksi
abessive		kurvatta	kurvitta
instructive		—	kurvin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kurva (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kurvani kurvani accusative nom. kurvani kurvani gen. kurvani genitive kurvani kurvieni kurvaini rare partitive kurvaani kurviani inessive kurvassani kurvissani elative kurvastani kurvistani illative kurvaani kurviini adessive kurvallani kurvillani ablative kurvaltani kurviltani allative kurvalleni kurvilleni essive kurvanani kurvinani translative kurvakseni kurvikseni abessive kurvattani kurvittani instructive — — comitative — kurvineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kurvasi kurvasi accusative nom. kurvasi kurvasi gen. kurvasi genitive kurvasi kurviesi kurvaisi rare partitive kurvaasi kurviasi inessive kurvassasi kurvissasi elative kurvastasi kurvistasi illative kurvaasi kurviisi adessive kurvallasi kurvillasi ablative kurvaltasi kurviltasi allative kurvallesi kurvillesi essive kurvanasi kurvinasi translative kurvaksesi kurviksesi abessive kurvattasi kurvittasi instructive — — comitative — kurvinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurvamme kurvamme accusative nom. kurvamme kurvamme gen. kurvamme genitive kurvamme kurviemme kurvaimme rare partitive kurvaamme kurviamme inessive kurvassamme kurvissamme elative kurvastamme kurvistamme illative kurvaamme kurviimme adessive kurvallamme kurvillamme ablative kurvaltamme kurviltamme allative kurvallemme kurvillemme essive kurvanamme kurvinamme translative kurvaksemme kurviksemme abessive kurvattamme kurvittamme instructive — — comitative — kurvinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurvanne kurvanne accusative nom. kurvanne kurvanne gen. kurvanne genitive kurvanne kurvienne kurvainne rare partitive kurvaanne kurvianne inessive kurvassanne kurvissanne elative kurvastanne kurvistanne illative kurvaanne kurviinne adessive kurvallanne kurvillanne ablative kurvaltanne kurviltanne allative kurvallenne kurvillenne essive kurvananne kurvinanne translative kurvaksenne kurviksenne abessive kurvattanne kurvittanne instructive — — comitative — kurvinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kurvansa kurvansa accusative nom. kurvansa kurvansa gen. kurvansa genitive kurvansa kurviensa kurvainsa rare partitive kurvaansa kurviaan kurviansa inessive kurvassaan kurvassansa kurvissaan kurvissansa elative kurvastaan kurvastansa kurvistaan kurvistansa illative kurvaansa kurviinsa adessive kurvallaan kurvallansa kurvillaan kurvillansa ablative kurvaltaan kurvaltansa kurviltaan kurviltansa allative kurvalleen kurvallensa kurvilleen kurvillensa essive kurvanaan kurvanansa kurvinaan kurvinansa translative kurvakseen kurvaksensa kurvikseen kurviksensa abessive kurvattaan kurvattansa kurvittaan kurvittansa instructive — — comitative — kurvineen kurvinensa

Derived terms

• kurvainen

compounds

• kuolemankurva

Further reading

• “kurva”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

From Russian курва (kurva) or an earlier form of it.

Noun

kurva (dialectal, derogatory)

1. slut, whore (irreputable or promiscuous woman)

Synonyms

• huora, lutka

Etymology 3

Variant of the synonymous dialectal kurvi, possibly also related to kuore.

Noun

kurva (dialectal, South Karelia)

1. smelt, sparling (Osmerus eperlanus)

Synonyms

• kuore, norssi

References

• “kurva”, in Suomen murteiden sanakirja [Dictionary of Finnish Dialects]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2022, →ISSN.

Hungarian

Etymology

From a Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *kury.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkurvɒ]
• Hyphenation: kur‧va
• Rhymes: -vɒ

Noun

kurva (plural kurvák)

1. (vulgar) a hooker, whore, prostitute, bitch

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvák
accusative	kurvát	kurvákat
dative	kurvának	kurváknak
instrumental	kurvával	kurvákkal
causal-final	kurváért	kurvákért
translative	kurvává	kurvákká
terminative	kurváig	kurvákig
essive-formal	kurvaként	kurvákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kurvában	kurvákban
superessive	kurván	kurvákon
adessive	kurvánál	kurváknál
illative	kurvába	kurvákba
sublative	kurvára	kurvákra
allative	kurvához	kurvákhoz
elative	kurvából	kurvákból
delative	kurváról	kurvákról
ablative	kurvától	kurváktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kurváé	kurváké
non-attributive possessive – plural	kurváéi	kurvákéi

Possessive forms of kurva

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kurvám	kurváim
2nd person sing.	kurvád	kurváid
3rd person sing.	kurvája	kurvái
1st person plural	kurvánk	kurváink
2nd person plural	kurvátok	kurváitok
3rd person plural	kurvájuk	kurváik

Synonyms

in the sense “prostitute”

• cafka
• cemende
• céda
• éjszakai pillangó
• hetéra
• kéjhölgy
• kéjnő
• kurtizán
• lotyó
• örömlány
• prosti
• prostituált
• repedtsarkú
• ribanc
• ribi
• rima
• ringyó
• szajha
• szuka
• utcalány

Derived terms

• kurválkodik
• kurvás
• (kurvul →) elkurvul

Expressions

• aki kurvának megy, áll, ne sírjon, ha basszák
• sír, mint a fürdős kurva

Adjective

kurva

1. (vulgar, slang) used as an intensifier: goddamn, fucking, damn

   Mikor javítják már meg ezt a kurva utat? ― When will they repair this damn road?

Derived terms

• kurvaanyázik
• kurvára

Adverb

kurva

1. (vulgar, slang) very, terribly, as fuck (to a great extent)

   Most már tényleg kurva mérges vagyok. ― Now I’m really mad [angry] as f*ck.

Usage notes

This word is not used in Hungarian as an interjection on its own like its cognates in West Slavic languages (Czech kurva, Slovak kurva, Polish kurwa).

Further reading

• kurva in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Ido

Adjective

kurva

1. curved, bent

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin curva, curvus. Doublet of kereb.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkurva/ [ˈkur.fa]
• Rhymes: -urva
• Syllabification: kur‧va

Noun

kurva (plural kurva-kurva)

1. curve

   Synonym: lengkungan

Synonyms

• lengkung (Standard Malay)

Derived terms

• kurva adiabatik-semu
• kurva aljabar
• kurva beban-deformasi
• kurva belajar
• kurva bola
• kurva bonjean
• kurva cahaya
• kurva dosis-respons
• kurva eksponensial
• kurva epidemi
• kurva epidemiologi
• kurva imbal
• kurva imbal hasil
• kurva indiferen
• kurva indiferensi
• kurva kalibrasi
• kurva kejenuhan
• kurva kemungkinan produksi
• kurva kenyamanan
• kurva laktasi
• kurva landai
• kurva lengkung
• kurva lonceng
• kurva lurus
• kurva normal
• kurva pembelajaran
• kurva penawaran
• kurva penawaran agregat
• kurva pendinginan
• kurva permintaan
• kurva permintaan agregat
• kurva pertumbuhan
• kurva S
• kurva sekat
• kurva sigmoid
• kurva signoid
• kurva tahanan
• kurva taksederhana
• kurva taktertutup
• kurva tekan-tarik
• kurva tertutup
• kurva titrasi
• kurva toleransi gula
• kurva torsi

Further reading

• “kurva”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian курва (kurva).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkurʋɑ/, [ˈkurʋɑ]
• Rhymes: -urʋ, -urʋɑ
• Hyphenation: kur‧va

Noun

kurva

1. (vulgar) whore, slut

Declension

Declension of kurva (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvat
genitive	kurvan	kurviin
partitive	kurvaa	kurvia
illative	kurvaa	kurvii
inessive	kurvaas	kurviis
elative	kurvast	kurvist
allative	kurvalle	kurville
adessive	kurvaal	kurviil
ablative	kurvalt	kurvilt
translative	kurvaks	kurviks
essive	kurvanna, kurvaan	kurvinna, kurviin
exessive1)	kurvant	kurvint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• hoora, (vulgar) bläädi

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 222

Karelian

Regional variants of kurva

North Karelian (Viena)	kurva
South Karelian (Tver)	kurva

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian курва (kurva), compare Ingrian kurva, Livvi kurvu and Veps kurv.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkurʋɑ/
• Hyphenation: kur‧va

Noun

kurva (genitive kurvan, partitive kurvua)

1. (vulgar) whore, slut

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of kurva (type 5/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvat
genitive	kurvan	kurvien
partitive	kurvua	kurvie
illative	kurvah	kurvih
inessive	kurvašša	kurvissa
elative	kurvašta	kurvista
adessive	kurvalla	kurvilla
ablative	kurvalta	kurvilta
translative	kurvakši	kurviksi
essive	kurvana	kurvina
comitative	—	kurvineh
abessive	kurvatta	kurvitta
prolative	—	—
instructive	—	kurvin

Tver Karelian declension of kurva (type 5/koira no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvat
genitive	kurvan	kurvin
partitive	kurvua	kurvie
illative	kurvah	kurvih
inessive	kurvašša	kurvissa
elative	kurvašta	kurvista
adessive	kurvalla	kurvilla
ablative	kurvalda	kurvilda
translative	kurvakši	kurviksi
essive	kurvana	kurvina
comitative	kurvanke	kurvinke
abessive	kurvatta	kurvitta
prolative	kurvačči	kurvičči
instructive	—	kurvin

Possessive forms of kurva
1st person	kurvani
2nd person	kurvaš
3rd person	kurvah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994), “kurva”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “kurva”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[3], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

Latvian

Etymology

Compare Lithuanian kurva.

Interjection

kurva

1. (vulgar) fuck

   Cilvēks, kurva.

   Man, fuck.

Lithuanian

Etymology

Borrowed either from Polish kurwa or Belarusian ку́рва (kúrva).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʊr̺.vɐ]

Noun

kùrva f

1. (vulgar) prostitute, whore

   Synonyms: paleistuvė, kekšė

2. (vulgar) bitch

Interjection

kùrva

1. (vulgar) fuck!
2. (vulgar) intensifier

   Eik tu kurva!

   Get the fuck out!

3. (vulgar) filler

   Atsiprašau, aš esu viceprezidentas, tu kurva debilas.

   Excuse me, I'm the vice president, you fucking asshole.

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian curva.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kur.va/
• Rhymes: -urva

Noun

kurva m (plural kurvi)

1. curve

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

kurva f sg

1. definite singular of kurve

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈkurʋa/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈkurva/

Noun

kurva f

1. whore, slut

   Synonyms: nevěstka, ženima, vilnicě

2. bitch

   (z) kurvy syn ― son of a bitch

Declension

Declension of kurva (hard a-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvě	kurvy
genitive	kurvy	kurvú	kurev
dative	kurvě	kurvama	kurvám
accusative	kurvu	kurvě	kurvy
vocative	kurvo	kurvě	kurvy
locative	kurvě	kurvú	kurvách
instrumental	kurvú	kurvama	kurvami

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Related terms

• kur
• kurviti

Descendants

• Czech: kurva

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “kurva”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• kȗrba (regional)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kûːrʋa/

Noun

kȗrva f (Cyrillic spelling ку̑рва, relational adjective kùrvīnskī, augmentative kurvètina)

1. (vulgar) whore, prostitute
2. (vulgar, offensive) (regardless of gender) a worthless, despicable, unlikable person
3. (vulgar, offensive) bitch, a despicable, disagreeable, objectionable woman

Declension

Declension of kurva

	singular	plural
nominative	kȗrva	kurve
genitive	kurve	kȗrāva / kȗrvī
dative	kurvi	kurvama
accusative	kurvu	kurve
vocative	kurvo	kurve
locative	kurvi	kurvama
instrumental	kurvom	kurvama

Descendants

• → Balkan Romani: kùrva
• → Vlax Romani: kùrva

References

• “kurva”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kury.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkurva/

Noun

kurva f

1. (vulgar) prostitute, whore, hooker, slut

   Synonyms: cundra, prostitútka, šľapka, štetka, pobehlica, pľundra, švandra, trcľa, filcka

2. (vulgar) fake friend, conman, liar, knave

   Synonyms: ojebávač, hajzeľ, podliak, falošník

Declension

Declension of kurva
(pattern žena)

	singular	plural
nominative	kurva	kurvy
genitive	kurvy	kuriev
dative	kurve	kurvám
accusative	kurvu	kurvy
locative	kurve	kurvách
instrumental	kurvou	kurvami

Derived terms

• kurevník
• kurviť

Interjection

kurva

1. (vulgar) fuck, shit

   Synonyms: do piče, doriti, tristo hrmených

Further reading

• “kurva”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kúːrʋa/

Noun

kȗrva f

1. (vulgar) dialectal form of kúrba

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	kúrva
gen. sing.	kúrve
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kúrva	kúrvi	kúrve
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kúrve	kúrv	kúrv
dative (dajȃlnik)	kúrvi	kúrvama	kúrvam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kúrvo	kúrvi	kúrve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kúrvi	kúrvah	kúrvah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kúrvo	kúrvama	kúrvami

Swedish

Alternative forms

• (pronunciation spelling) kôrva

Etymology

From Latin curvus. Compare English curve and Danish kurve.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

kurva c

1. curve, arc
2. a bend of a road

Declension

Declension of kurva

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kurva	kurvas
	definite	kurvan	kurvans
plural	indefinite	kurvor	kurvors
	definite	kurvorna	kurvornas

Derived terms

• befolkningskurva
• feberkurva
• formkurva
• hårnålskurva
• högerkurva
• höjdkurva
• inlärningskurva
• innerkurva
• J-kurva
• konjunkturkurva
• kurvig
• kurvlinje
• kurvljus
• kurvradie
• kurvritare
• kurvtagning
• kurvteknik
• nedgångskurva
• nivåkurva
• normalkurva
• S-kurva
• serpentinkurva
• sinuskurva
• slutkurva
• solkurva
• temperaturkurva
• tillväxtkurva
• utvecklingskurva
• viktkurva
• vägkurva
• vänsterkurva
• ytterkurva

Related terms

• kurvatur

See also

• linje

Further reading

• kurva in Svensk ordbok.
• kurva in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)