lire
English
Etymology 1
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English lire, lyre, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).
Noun
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Flesh, brawn, or muscle; the fleshy part of a person or animal in contradistinction to the bone and skin.
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) The fleshy part of a roast capon, etc. as distinguished from a limb or joint.
Etymology 2
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English lire, lyre, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.
Noun
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) The cheek.
- (UK dialectal, Scotland) Face; appearance of the face or skin; complexion; hue.
Etymology 3
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.
Noun
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).
Etymology 4
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Italian lire.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɪərə
Noun
lire
Homophones
Anagrams
French
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old French lire, from Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō, from Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-.
Verb
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation
infinitive | simple | lire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | lisant /li.zɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | lu /ly/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lis /li/ |
lis /li/ |
lit /li/ |
lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
lisent /liz/ |
imperfect | lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisait /li.zɛ/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisaient /li.zɛ/ | |
past historic2 | lus /ly/ |
lus /ly/ |
lut /ly/ |
lûmes /lym/ |
lûtes /lyt/ |
lurent /lyʁ/ | |
future | lirai /li.ʁe/ |
liras /li.ʁa/ |
lira /li.ʁa/ |
lirons /li.ʁɔ̃/ |
lirez /li.ʁe/ |
liront /li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirait /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirions /li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
liriez /li.ʁje/ |
liraient /li.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lise /liz/ |
lises /liz/ |
lise /liz/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisent /liz/ |
imperfect2 | lusse /lys/ |
lusses /lys/ |
lût /ly/ |
lussions /ly.sjɔ̃/ |
lussiez /ly.sje/ |
lussent /lys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | lis /li/ |
— | lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian lira, compare (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French livre.
Noun
lire f (plural lires)
- lira (unit of currency)
Anagrams
Further reading
- “lire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
Noun
lire f
Old French
Etymology
From Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō.
Verb
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | lire | avoir leü, lit | |||||
gerund | en lisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | lisant | ||||||
past participle | leü, lit | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | li | lis | list | lisons | lisiez | lisent |
imperfect | lisoie, liseie | lisoies, liseies | lisoit, liseit | lisiiens, lisiens | lisiiez, lisiez | lisoient, liseient | |
preterite | lui, lis | leüs, lesis | lut, list | leümes, lesimes | leüstes, lesistes | lurent, listrent | |
future | lirai | liras | lira | lirons | liroiz, lireiz, lirez | liront | |
conditional | liroie, lireie | liroies, lireies | liroit, lireit | liriiens, liriens | liriiez, liriez | liroient, lireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | lise | lises | lise | lisiens, lisons | lisiez | lisent |
imperfect | leüsse, lesisse | leüsses, lesisses | leüst, lesist | leüssons, leüssiens, lesissons, lesissiens | leüssoiz, leüssez, leüssiez, lesissoiz, lesissez, lesissiez | leüssent, lesissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | lis | — | lisons | lisiez | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- French: lire
Further reading
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lire)
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