obraz

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See also: obraź and ôbráz

Czech[edit]

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech obraz, from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazit.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈobras]
  • audio(file)

Noun[edit]

obraz m inan

  1. picture, painting, image
  2. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)
    Antonym: vzor m

Declension[edit]

Declension of obraz (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative obraz obrazy
genitive obrazu obrazů
dative obrazu obrazům
accusative obraz obrazy
vocative obraze obrazy
locative obraze, obrazu obrazech
instrumental obrazem obrazy

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • obraz in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • obraz in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • obraz in Internetová jazyková příručka

Old Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziti.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈobraz/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈobras/

Noun[edit]

obraz m inan

  1. display; carving; sculpture, engraving; relief; drawing; painting (created representation of something)
  2. (religion) idol (graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power)
  3. mark and inscription stamped on a coin
  4. minted money; coins
  5. image (vision created in the human mind)
  6. reflection (that which is seen in a mirror)
  7. image, likeness (set of characteristic features, especially spiritual)

Declension[edit]

Declension of obraz (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative obraz obrazy obrazi, obrazové
genitive obraza, obrazu obrazú obrazóv
dative obrazu obrazoma obrazóm
accusative obraz obrazy obrazy
vocative obraze obrazy obrazi, obrazové
locative obrazě, obrazu obrazú obraziech
instrumental obrazem obrazoma obrazy
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants[edit]

  • Czech: obraz

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazić. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɔbraːs/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɔbrɒs/

Noun[edit]

obraz m ? (diminutive obrazek)

  1. sculpture, statue, engraved image
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎[2], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 72, 20:
      Iaco sen wstaiøczich, gospodne, w mescze twoiem obraz gich ku niczemu obroczisz (velut somnium surgentium, domine, in civitate tua imaginem ipsorum ad nihilum rediges)
      [Jako sen wstających, Gospodnie, w mieście twojem obraz jich ku niczemu obrocisz (velut somnium surgentium, Domine, in civitate tua imaginem ipsorum ad nihilum rediges)]
  2. shape, form, figure
    • c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎[3], page cv 21:
      Y moui ewangelista suøti pod obrazem trsy crolew poganskih
      [I mowi ewanjelista święty pod obrazem trzy krolew pogańskich]
  3. shadow, illusion
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎[4], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 38, 9:
      Ale zaprawdø w obraze przeszedl czlowek (in imagine pertransit homo) a za dar se troszcze
      [Ale zaprawdę w obrazie przeszedł człowiek (in imagine pertransit homo), a za dar sie troszcze]
  4. person's impeccable demeanor
    • 1930 [Fifteenth century], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[5], 16, 29:
      Modlcye syø panv w obraze swyøtem (adorate dominum in decore sancto)
      [Modlcie się Panu w obrazie świętem (adorate Dominum in decore sancto)]
  5. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. symbol, image
      • 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎[6], page 106r:
        Si formam, obraszem, dei te appellem, digna existis
        [Si formam, obrazem, Dei te appellem, digna existis]

Related terms[edit]

nouns
verbs

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Old Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziť. First attested in 1585.

Noun[edit]

obraz m inan

  1. display; carving; sculpture, engraving; relief; drawing; painting (created representation of something)
  2. form, appearance; character, nature (set of characteristic bodily or mental traits)
  3. (religion) idol (graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power)
  4. image (idea formed in the human mind; visual impression)
  5. reflection
  6. description (verbal representation)
  7. model, example (mform for imitation)
  8. face (front part of a head)
  9. sign, symbol

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “obraz”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
obraz

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish obraz. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazić.

Noun[edit]

obraz m inan (diminutive obrazek, related adjective obrazowy)

  1. (art) image (artistic creation)
    "Mona Lisa" jest jednym z najbardziej znanych obrazów olejnych z czasów renesansu.
    The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous oil paintings of the Renaissance.
  2. image (representation of reality resulting from the reflection or refraction of light rays)
    Synonyms: krajobraz, pejzaż
  3. film, movie; banger (feature presentation of images, especially a good one)
    Synonym: film
  4. image (representation of reality on the screen of an electronic device)
    Synonym: wizja
  5. image (observed or remembered situation)
    Synonym: scena
  6. holistic description (thorough explanation of something)
    Synonym: opis
  7. image (sight of someone or something)
    Synonym: widok
  8. image (idea someone has about something, or someone's opinion about something)
    Synonym: wizerunek
  9. scene (part of a theater play, opera or ballet)
    Synonyms: scena, odsłona
  10. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)
  11. (mathematics) image (subset of a codomain comprising those elements that are images of something)
  12. (obsolete, historical) type of tax
  13. (obsolete) figure, form; symbol, sign
  14. (obsolete) impression; glance
  15. (Middle Polish) example, model
    Synonyms: przykład, wzór
  16. (Middle Polish) idol (representation of a deity)
    Synonym: bożek
  17. (Middle Polish) representation (creation meant to represent something i.e. on an image)
    Synonym: reprezentacja
  18. (Middle Polish) imagination
    Synonym: wyobrażenie
  19. (Middle Polish) reflection (result of copying from an example or model)
  20. (Middle Polish) equivalent; reference
  21. (Middle Polish) reflection (image of something on a shiny surface)
    Synonym: odbicie
  22. (Middle Polish) shadow (something fleeting)
  23. (Middle Polish) being; person, character
  24. (Middle Polish) block (square slab of marble or other expensive stone used for lining walls)
  25. (Middle Polish) map of the sky (paths in the sky along which the heavenly bodies move)
Declension[edit]
Declension of obraz
singular plural
nominative obraz obrazy
genitive obrazu obrazów
dative obrazowi obrazom
accusative obraz obrazy
instrumental obrazem obrazami
locative obrazie obrazach
vocative obrazie obrazy
Derived terms[edit]
nouns
prepositions
proverbs
verbs
Related terms[edit]
adverbs
nouns
verbs
verbs

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), obraz is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 37 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 22 times in essays, 21 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 101 times, making it the 623rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

obraz f

  1. genitive plural of obraza

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “obraz”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 304

Further reading[edit]

  • obraz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • obraz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obraz”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “OBRAZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 17.04.2023
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[7]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[8]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[9] (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 500
  • obraz in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic образъ (obrazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

obraz m (plural obraji)

  1. countenance
  2. cheek
  3. (slang) buttock
    Synonym: bucă

Declension[edit]

Declension of obraz
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) obraz obrazul (niște) obraji obrajii
genitive/dative (unui) obraz obrazului (unor) obraji obrajilor
vocative obrazule obrajilor

Derived terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ǒbraz/
  • Hyphenation: o‧braz

Noun[edit]

òbraz m (Cyrillic spelling о̀браз)

  1. cheek
  2. honor
  3. face

Declension[edit]

Declension of obraz
singular plural
nominative obraz obrazi
genitive obraza obraza
dative obrazu obrazima
accusative obraz obraze
vocative obraze obrazi
locative obrazu obrazima
instrumental obrazom obrazima

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Slovak[edit]

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Slovak obraz, from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziť.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

obraz m inan (genitive singular obrazu, nominative plural obrazy, genitive plural obrazov)

  1. image, picture, painting
  2. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)
    Antonym: vzor m

Declension[edit]

Declension of obraz
singular plural
nominative obraz obrazy
genitive obrazu obrazov
dative obrazu obrazom
accusative obraz obrazy
locative obraze obrazoch
instrumental obrazom obrazmi

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “obraz”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

obrȁz m inan

  1. (anatomy) face

Inflection[edit]

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. obràz
gen. sing. obráza
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		obràz obráza obrázi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		obráza obrázov obrázov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		obrázu obrázoma obrázom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		obràz obráza obráze
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		obrázu obrázih obrázih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		obrázom obrázoma obrázi

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “obraz”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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