scio

See also: Scio and sciò

Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈst͡sio/
Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Rhymes: -io
Syllabification: sci‧o

Noun

scio (uncountable, accusative scion)

knowledge

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): ^*/ˈʃi.o/
Rhymes: -io
Hyphenation: scì‧o

Verb

scio

first-person singular present indicative of sciare

Anagrams

-isco, Cois, Cosi, Soči, cosi, cosi', così, isco-, osci, scoi, soci

Latin

Etymology

De Vaan follows the LIV in tentatively reconstructing Proto-Italic *skijō, from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, dissect”), in which case related to secō (“to cut off”), signum (“a sign”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and English shit.^[1] He additionally notes the bare verb may be a backformation from nesciō. The proposed semantic development is not unusual, but is difficult to reconcile with the archaic semantics preserved in the deponent senses of Latin scitus and its diminutive, Latin scitulus, which instead suggest shared origin with Sanskrit चि (ci), Sanskrit चेतते (cétate), presumably reflecting Proto-Indo-European *keyt-. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈski.oː], [ˈski.ɔ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈʃiː.o]

Verb

sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation

to be able to, to know (how to do), understand, to have practical knowledge
Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, tongeō, cernō, audiō, possum

Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō

Scīsne ubi habitēmus? ― Do you know where we live?
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 346–350:
  DĀVUS: Quid timeās sciō. / PAMPHILUS: Mea quidem hercle certē in dubiō vītāst. DĀ.: Et quid tū, sciō. / PA.: Nūptiae mī… DĀ.: Etsī, sciō…? PA.: Hodiē…! DĀ.: Obtundis, tam etsī intellegō? / Id pavēs nē dūcās tū illam; tū autem ut dūcās. CHARĪNUS: Rem tenēs! / PA.: Istūc ipsum!
  DAVUS [to CHARINUS]: I know what you fear.
  PAMPHILUS: It’s true, by Hercules!, that my life is certainly in doubt.
  DAVUS [to PAMPHILUS]: And I know what you [are afraid of], too.
  PAMPHILUS: My wedding...
  DAVUS: Even if, I know…?
  PAMPHILUS: Today…!
  DAVUS: You keep yammering on, even if I understand? [to CH] You’re afraid you won’t marry her; [to PA] you, on the other hand, are afraid you will marry her!
  CHARINUS: You’ve got it!
  PAMPHILUS: That’s it, what you just said!
- c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 68.85
(euphemistic) to know carnally

Conjugation

Used with adverb, accusative, or ablative.
The third and fourth principal parts are shared with scīscō.
The regular present imperatives, scī and scīte, are almost never encountered, with the regular second person future imperative forms scītō and scītōte being used instead.
Contraction scīn (or scīn') for scīsne (scīs + -ne)

Conjugation of sciō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	sciō	scīs		scit	scīmus	scītis		sciunt
	imperfect	sciēbam, scībam¹	sciēbās, scībās¹		sciēbat, scībat¹	sciēbāmus, scībāmus¹	sciēbātis, scībātis¹		sciēbant, scībant¹
	future	sciam, scībō¹	sciēs, scībis¹		sciet, scībit¹	sciēmus, scībimus¹	sciētis, scībitis¹		scient, scībunt¹
	perfect	scīvī, sciī	scīvistī, scīstī, sciistī²		scīvit, scīt, sciit²	scīvimus, scīmus, sciimus²	scīvistis, scīstis, sciistis²		scīvērunt, scīrunt, scīvēre, sciērunt, sciēre²
	pluperfect	scīveram, scīram, scieram²	scīverās, scīrās, scierās²		scīverat, scīrat, scierat²	scīverāmus, scīrāmus, scierāmus²	scīverātis, scīrātis, scierātis²		scīverant, scīrant, scierant²
	future perfect	scīverō, scīrō, scierō²	scīveris, scīris, scieris²		scīverit, scīrit, scierit²	scīverimus, scīrimus, scierimus²	scīveritis, scīritis, scieritis²		scīverint, scīrint, scierint²
passive	present	scior	scīris, scīre		scītur	scīmur	scīminī		sciuntur
	imperfect	sciēbar, scībar¹	sciēbāris, sciēbāre, scībāris, scībāre¹		sciēbātur, scībātur¹	sciēbāmur, scībāmur¹	sciēbāminī, scībāminī¹		sciēbantur, scībantur¹
	future	sciar, scībor¹	sciēris, sciēre, scīberis, scībere¹		sciētur, scībitur¹	sciēmur, scībimur¹	sciēminī, scībiminī¹		scientur, scībuntur¹
	perfect	scītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	scītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	sciam	sciās		sciat	sciāmus	sciātis		sciant
	imperfect	scīrem	scīrēs		scīret	scīrēmus	scīrētis		scīrent
	perfect	scīverim, scīrim, scierim²	scīverīs, scīrīs, scierīs²		scīverit, scīrit, scierit²	scīverīmus, scīrīmus, scierīmus²	scīverītis, scīrītis, scierītis²		scīverint, scīrint, scierint²
	pluperfect	scīvissem, scīssem, sciissem²	scīvissēs, scīssēs, sciissēs²		scīvisset, scīsset, sciisset²	scīvissēmus, scīssēmus, sciissēmus²	scīvissētis, scīssētis, sciissētis²		scīvissent, scīssent, sciissent²
passive	present	sciar	sciāris, sciāre		sciātur	sciāmur	sciāminī		sciantur
	imperfect	scīrer	scīrēris, scīrēre		scīrētur	scīrēmur	scīrēminī		scīrentur
	perfect	scītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	scītō, scī		—	—	scītōte, scīte		—
active	future	—	scītō		scītō	—	scītōte		sciuntō
passive	present	—	scīre		—	—	scīminī		—
passive	future	—	scītor		scītor	—	—		sciuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		scīre		scīrī		sciēns		—
future		scītūrum esse		scītum īrī		scītūrus		sciendus
perfect		scīvisse, scīsse, sciisse²		scītum esse		—		scītus
future perfect		—		scītum fore		—		—
perfect potential		scītūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		sciendī	sciendō		sciendum	sciendō	scītum		scītū

¹Pre-Classical.
²At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: shtiu, shciu, sciu
- Istro-Romanian: știvu
- Megleno-Romanian: știu
- Romanian: ști, știre
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: ischire
Borrowings:
- → Esperanto: scii
- → Italian: scire (rare)

Adjective

sciō

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of scius

References

“scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“scio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I know for a fact: certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32)
- I know very well: probe scio, non ignoro
- as far as I know: quantum scio
- as far as I know: quod sciam
- we know from experience: experti scimus, didicimus
- to have received a liberal education: litteras scire
- to know Latin: latinam linguam scire or didicisse
- to know Latin: latine scire

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545

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