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Chinese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Rime
|
Character
|
善
|
政
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Initial (聲)
|
常 (25)
|
章 (23)
|
Final (韻)
|
仙 (77)
|
清 (121)
|
Tone (調)
|
Rising (X)
|
Departing (H)
|
Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
Fanqie
|
常演切
|
之盛切
|
Baxter
|
dzyenX
|
tsyengH
|
Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/d͡ʑiᴇnX/
|
/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
|
Pan Wuyun
|
/d͡ʑiɛnX/
|
/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
|
Shao Rongfen
|
/d͡ʑjænX/
|
/t͡ɕiæŋH/
|
Edwin Pulleyblank
|
/d͡ʑianX/
|
/ciajŋH/
|
Li Rong
|
/ʑiɛnX/
|
/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
|
Wang Li
|
/ʑĭɛnX/
|
/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
|
Bernard Karlgren
|
/ʑi̯ɛnX/
|
/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
|
Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
shàn
|
zhèng
|
Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
sin6
|
zing3
|
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
善
|
政
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
shàn
|
zhèng
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ dzyenX ›
|
‹ tsyengH ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/
|
/*teŋ-s/
|
English
|
good
|
government
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
善
|
政
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
No.
|
11084
|
17177
|
Phonetic component
|
善
|
正
|
Rime group
|
元
|
耕
|
Rime subdivision
|
2
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
善
|
政
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ɡjenʔ/
|
/*tjeŋs/
|
善政 (literary)
- proper rules
- clean politics; well-ordered government
德惟善政,政在養民。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
德惟善政,政在养民。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Dé wéi shànzhèng, zhèng zài yǎngmín. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
今國無善政,災變不息。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
今国无善政,灾变不息。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Jīn guó wú shànzhèng, zāibiàn bùxī. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
仁讓貪戾,惟君所好,朝無善政,民焉取則? [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]- From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1564
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- good political performance
- good management