窘

窘 U+7A98, 窘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A98 ← 窗 [U+7A97] CJK Unified Ideographs 窙 → [U+7A99]

Translingual

Han character

窘 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金尸大口 (JCSKR), four-corner 3060₇, composition ⿱穴君)

Derived characters

• 僒, 㩈

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25519
• Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2732, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7A98

Chinese

trad.		窘
simp. #		窘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涒	*l̥ʰuːn
麏	*krun
莙	*krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑	*kʰrun
蜠	*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮	*kʰrun
窘	*ɡrunʔ
僒	*ɡrunʔ
君	*klun
桾	*klun
宭	*klun, *ɡlun
鮶	*klun
捃	*kluns
群	*ɡlun
羣	*ɡlun
裙	*ɡlun
裠	*ɡlun
帬	*ɡlun
焄	*qʰlun
郡	*ɡluns

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiǒng, jǔn (jiong³, jun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄥˇ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jun³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan³, kwan⁵, gwan⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gun⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiún

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giun³

• Eastern Min (BUC): gē̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kūn / kǔn / khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung² / kug⁴ / giong²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵chiun
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jyn⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǒng
    • Wade–Giles: chiung³
    • Yale: jyǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeong
    • Palladius: цзюн (czjun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chün³
    • Yale: jyǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jun³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gun
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan³, kwan⁵, gwan⁶
    • Yale: kwan, kwáhn, gwahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³, kwan⁵, gwan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen³, kuen⁵, guen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³/, /kʷʰɐn¹³/, /kʷɐn²²/

Note: kwan5, gwan6 - uncommon.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kun²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiún
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiun³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giun³
    • Sinological IPA: /kiun³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gē̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn
    • Tâi-lô: kūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kun
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn
    • Tâi-lô: kǔn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung² / kug⁴ / giong²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng / khuk / kióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/, /kʰuk̚²/, /kioŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵chiun
    • MiniDict: chiuin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qyn
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰyn³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jyn⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: gwinX

Rime
Character	窘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠殞切
Baxter	gwinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚinX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinX/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕnX/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrunʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窘
Reading #	1/1
No.	7285
Phonetic component	君
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes	原列軫韻

Definitions

窘

1. embarrassed
2. hard-pressed

Compounds

• 受窘 (shòujiǒng)
• 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
• 枯窘
• 發窘／发窘
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
• 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
• 窘境 (jiǒngjìng)
• 窘急 (jiǒngjí)
• 窘態／窘态 (jiǒngtài)
• 窘態畢露／窘态毕露
• 窘態百出／窘态百出
• 窘步
• 窘況／窘况 (jiǒngkuàng)
• 窘蹙
• 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
• 窘鄉／窘乡
• 窮窘／穷窘
• 隘窘

 

References

• “窘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

窘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. rebuke

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin)^{←きん (kin, historical)←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
• On: くん (kun)
• Kun: たしなめる (tashinameru, 窘める); くるしむ (kurushimu, 窘む)

Compounds

Compounds

• 窘迫(きんぱく) (kinpaku): troubledness

Korean

Hanja

窘 (eum 군 (gun))

1. embarrassed
2. hard-pressed

Vietnamese

Han character

窘: Hán Nôm readings: quẫn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.