하나

Korean

Etymology

Of native Korean origin, from Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (Yale: hònàh). Sometimes connected to Old Korean 一等 (*HOton), but there is no straightforward correspondence.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠na̠]

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [하나]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	hana
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	hana
McCune–Reischauer?	hana
Yale Romanization?	hana

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 하나의 / 하나에 / 하나까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, except before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes, when it takes full low pitch.

Numeral

Korean numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Native isol.: 하나 (hana)     Native attr.: 한 (han)     Sino-Korean: 일 (il)     Hanja: 一     Ordinal: 첫째 (cheotjjae)

하나 • (hana)

1. one (independently, without a classifier)

   하나, 둘, 셋 하면 출발입니다!

   Hana, dul, set hamyeon chulbar-imnida!

   One, two, three, then off we go!

   하나만 가지고 되겠어?

   Hana-man gajigo doegesseo?

   Will you be alright with just one?

Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Noun

하나 • (hana)

1. (only in the negative, with 도 (-do)) (even a) small amount

   Synonym: 조금 (jogeum)

   하나도 모르다

   hana-do moreuda

   completely clueless

   하나도 외롭지 않다

   hana-do oeropji anta

   not the slightest bit lonely