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See also:
U+541E, 吞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541E

[U+541D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+541F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 30, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一大口 (MKR), four-corner 20603, composition )

  1. swallow
  2. absorb, annex, engulf

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3329
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 585, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+541E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Attested somewhat late (in Warring States period's texts).

Starostin reconstructs (OC *tʰən) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dʱɨ̄n/ŋ (to swallow, to drink), whence also Tibetan འཐུང ('thung, to drink) & Lepcha ᰋᰩᰵ (thóng, to drink), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-tuŋ (to drink, to suckle); however, STEDT does not derive from or compare it to *m/s-tuŋ.

Schuessler (2007) compares it to several Kam-Tai words: Thai กลืน (glʉʉn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜃 (k(l)en), Saek [script needed] (tlɯɯnA1), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔdun, etc.

Pronunciation[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuən²¹/
Jinan /tʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰən²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰəŋ²¹/
Xining /tʰə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰũn³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰen⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰən³¹/ ~下去
/tʰun³¹/ 溫~水
Hefei /tʰən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰen³³/
Wenzhou /tʰø³³/
/tʰaŋ³³/ 慢~~
Hui Shexian /tʰʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tʰin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰən³³/
Xiangtan /tʰən³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɐn⁵³/
Nanning /tʰɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hun²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰən/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰən/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰən/
Li
Rong
/tʰən/
Wang
Li
/tʰən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tan1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tūn
Middle
Chinese
‹ thon ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁən/
English to swallow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 12391
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰl'ɯːn/

Definitions[edit]

  1. to swallow (to cause food, drink, etc. to pass from the mouth into the stomach)
    囫圇囫囵  ―  húlúntūnzǎo  ―  Literally, to swallow a jujube whole > figuratively, "to accept without thinking; to read without understanding"
  2. to annex (territory, a country, etc.)
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to swallow): 吞吃 (tūnchī)
  • (to annex):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Pronunciation[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (6)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰen/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰen/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɛn/
Li
Rong
/tʰen/
Wang
Li
/tʰien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tin1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ then ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁən/
English (surname)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 12388
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰl'iːn/

Definitions[edit]

  1. a surname

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(tan) (hangeul , revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: thôn, xôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.