estar

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Aragonese [edit]

Verb [edit]

estar

  1. to be

Catalan [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”)

Pronunciation [edit]

Verb [edit]

estar (first-person singular present estic, past participle estat)

  1. (transitive, copulative) to currently be in a state or have a characteristic (Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes a temporary state of being.)
    Estic cansada.
    I am tired.
  2. (auxiliary) Used to form the continuous aspect, together with a present participle.
    Ja està dormint.
    He is already sleeping.
  3. (intransitive, +adverbial phrase) To be located (to be in a place)
    La Torre Eiffel està a París.
    The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.

Usage notes [edit]

This is one of two verbs that can be translated as to be, the other being ser/ésser. Ser/ésser indicates something that is inherent and not expected to change, whereas estar describes temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. Ser/ésser relates to estar as essence relates to state, etymologically as well as semantically.

Conjugation [edit]

    Conjugation of estar (first conjugation, irregular)
infinitive estar
present participle estant
past participle estat
person singular plural
first second third first second third
Indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present estic estàs està estem esteu estan
imperfect estava estaves estava estàvem estàveu estaven
future estaré estaràs estarà estarem estareu estaran
preterite estiguí estigueres estigué estiguérem estiguéreu estigueren
conditional estaria estaries estaria estaríem estaríeu estarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles
present estigui estiguis estigui estiguem estigueu estiguin
imperfect estigués estiguessis estigués estiguéssim estiguéssiu estiguessin
imperative - tu ell/ella nosaltres vosaltres ells/elles
estigues estigui estiguem estigueu estiguin

Related terms [edit]

References [edit]

Galician [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”)

Verb [edit]

estar (first-person sg present estou, first-person sg preterite estiven, past participle estado)

  1. to be

Usage notes [edit]

Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.

Conjugation [edit]

    Conjugation of estar (irregular)
infinitive estar
gerund estando
past participle estado
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu ti el / ela nós vós eles / elas
present estou estás está estamos estades están
imperfect estaba estabas estaba estabamos estabades estaban
preterite estiven estiveches estivo estivemos estivestes estiveron
pluperfect estivera estiveras estivera estiveramos estiverades estiveran
future estarei estarás estará estaremos estaredes estarán
conditional estaría estarías estaría estariamos estariades estarían
subjunctive eu ti el / ela nós vós eles / elas
present estea esteas estea esteamos esteades estean
preterite estivese estiveses estivese estivésemos estivésedes estivesen
future estiver estiveres estiver estivermos estiverdes estiveren
imperative eu ti el / ela nós vós eles / elas
— está — — estade —
personal infinitive eu ti el / ela nós vós eles / elas
estivese estiveses estivese estivésemos estivésedes estivesen

See also [edit]

Ladino [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”).

Verb [edit]

estar (Latin spelling)

  1. to be, be present

Portuguese [edit]

Alternative forms [edit]

  • tá (Brazil, nonstandard)

Etymology [edit]

From Old Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

Pronunciation [edit]

Verb [edit]

estar (first-person singular present indicative estou, past participle estado)

  1. to be (indicates location in space)
    Onde estás?
    Where are you?
    Estou em casa.
    I am home.
  2. to be (denotes a transient quality; a quality expected to change)
    O tempo estava frio.
    The weather was cold (at that moment).
    Estás louco?
    Are you crazy (right now)?
    A maçã está madura.
    The apple is ripe.
  3. (auxiliary) followed by the preposition a and infinitive (Portugal) or by gerund (Brazil), forms the progressive aspect
    Ela está cantando? / Ela está a cantar?
    Is she singing?
    Nos últimos dias, eles estão trabalhando muito.
    These past few days, they are working a lot.
    Estavamos a ler muito.
    We had been reading a lot.
    Estaremos a ler livros.
    We will be reading books.
  4. to cost (to be worth a certain amount of money)
    O quilo de maçã está dois euros.
    A kilogram of apples costs two euros.

Conjugation [edit]

  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb estar
Notes:
  • This is an irregular verb of the -ar group.
  • Verbs with this conjugation include: estar.
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele/ela/você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles/elas/vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal estar
Personal estar estares estar estarmos estardes estarem
Gerund
estando
Past participle
Masculine estado estados
Feminine estada estadas
Indicative
Present estou estás está estamos
estámos		 estais estão
Imperfect estava estavas estava estávamos estáveis estávam
Preterite estive estiveste esteve estivemos estivestes estiveram
Pluperfect estivera estiveras estivera estivéramos estivéreis estiveram
Future estarei estareis estará estaremos estareis estarão
Conditional estaria estarias estaria estaríamos estaríeis estariam
Subjunctive
Present esteja estejas esteja estejamos estejais estejam
Imperfect estivesse estivesses estivesse estivéssemos estivéssies estivessem
Future estiver estiveres estiver estivermos estiverdes estiverem
Imperative
Affirmative esteja está esteja estejamos estai estejam
Negative (não) esteja estejas esteja estejamos estejais estejam

Synonyms [edit]

Derived terms [edit]

See also [edit]

Spanish [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

Pronunciation [edit]

  • IPA: /esˈtaɾ/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)

Verb [edit]

estar (first-person singular present estoy, first-person singular preterite estuve, past participle estado)

  1. To have a (transient) location in space. Compare ser, quedar.
    ¿Dónde estás?
    Where are you?
    Estoy en casa.
    I am at home.
  2. Denotes a copula, in a transient fashion. Compare ser.
    El tiempo estaba frío.
    The weather was cold [back then].
    ¿Estás feliz?
    Are you happy [right now]?
    El vaso está roto.
    The vase is broken. ("Estar," rather than "ser," precedes a past participle that is an adjective instead of a passive verb)
  3. Auxiliary verb for the progressive aspect; precedes the gerund of the verb.
    Ella está cantando.
    She is singing.

Conjugation [edit]

    Conjugation of estar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive estar
gerund estando
past participle estado
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú él/ella
usted		 nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas
ustedes
present estoy estás está estamos estáis están
imperfect estaba estabas estaba estábamos estabais estaban
preterite estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron
future estaré estarás estará estaremos estaréis estarán
conditional estaría estarías estaría estaríamos estaríais estarían
subjunctive yo tú él/ella
usted		 nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas
ustedes
present esté estés esté estemos estéis estén
imperfect
(ra)		 estuviera estuvieras estuviera estuviéramos estuvierais estuvieran
imperfect
(se)		 estuviese estuvieses estuviese estuviésemos estuvieseis estuviesen
future estuviere estuvieres estuviere estuviéremos estuviereis estuvieren
imperative — tú usted nosotros vosotros ustedes
affirmative está esté estemos estad estén
negative no estés no esté no estemos no estéis no estén

Usage notes [edit]

Portuguese and Spanish have two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state. Contrast the following:

  • El hombre está felíz.—“The man is [currently] happy.”
  • El hombre es felíz.—“The man is [always] happy.”
  • ¿Estás loco?—“Are you crazy [currently out of your mind]?”
  • ¿Eres loco?—“Are you crazy [permanently insane]?”

Derived terms [edit]

  • estar por + infinitive: “to be to be done”, “to be (still) undone”:
    Esto todavía está por hacer.—“This is still to be done.”

Related terms [edit]

Descendants [edit]

See also [edit]

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