商
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See also: 啇
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]商 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜金月口 (YCBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿳亠丷冏)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3803
- Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5546
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 商 | |
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simp. # | 商 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 商 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Perhaps an altair with sacrifical timber ready to be burned (亲).
Etymology
[edit]Traditionally it is considered that 商人 (shāngrén) is so named because this term originally refers to people from Shang dynasty, who tend to do business.[1]
From 賒 (OC *hljaː) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): son1
- Northern Min (KCR): sióng
- Eastern Min (BUC): siŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1saon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shang
- Wade–Giles: shang1
- Yale: shāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shang
- Palladius: шан (šan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
- Sinological IPA (key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng1
- Yale: sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
- Hakka Romanization System: songˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: song1
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: son1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sióng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: san1
- Sinological IPA (key): /san³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: syang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-taŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ/
Definitions
[edit]商
- trade; commerce; business
- 商則有居善疾售之貨。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
- Shāng zé yǒu jū shàn jí shòu zhī huò. [Pinyin]
- In commerce those sort of people manage to get excellent merchandise, which sells without delay.
商则有居善疾售之货。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- businessman; dealer; trader; merchant
- 使商無得糴,農無得糶。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
- Shǐ shāng wúdé dí, nóng wúdé tiào. [Pinyin]
- Do not allow merchants to buy grain nor farmers to sell grain.
使商无得籴,农无得粜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 富家之商,必奪貧室之財。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
- Fùjiā zhī shāng, bì duó pínshì zhī cái. [Pinyin]
- Merchants of wealthy houses will certainly snatch away the property of poor families.
富家之商,必夺贫室之财。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (mathematics) quotient
- (music) the second note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
- 商者,張也,陰氣開張,陽氣始降也;……。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Ban Gu, The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall, 79 CE, translated based on Tjan Tjoe Som's version
- Shāng zhě, zhāng yě, yīnqì kāi zhāng, yángqì shǐ jiàng yě;....... [Pinyin]
- Shāng means zhāng 'to expand'; the yin-fluid begins to expand [while] the yang-fuild begins to contract; [...].
商者,张也,阴气开张,阳气始降也;……。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (~朝) Shang Dynasty
- to discuss; to consult
- (~宿) (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心 (xīn, “Heart mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
Coordinate terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一片宮商/一片宫商
- 中心商品
- 中盤商/中盘商
- 中華商場/中华商场
- 中間商/中间商
- 五口通商
- 代理商 (dàilǐshāng)
- 代銷商/代销商
- 供應商/供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
- 便利商店 (biànlì shāngdiàn)
- 僑商/侨商 (qiáoshāng)
- 免稅商店/免税商店
- 共商大計/共商大计 (gòngshāngdàjì)
- 券商 (quànshāng)
- 動如參商/动如参商
- 包商
- 協商/协商 (xiéshāng)
- 參商/参商
- 友誼商店/友谊商店 (yǒuyì shāngdiàn)
- 古董商
- 商丘 (Shāngqiū)
- 商事 (shāngshì)
- 商亭 (shāngtíng)
- 商人 (shāngrén)
- 商借 (shāngjiè)
- 商儈/商侩
- 商兌/商兑 (shāngduì)
- 商功
- 商務/商务 (shāngwù)
- 商務仲裁/商务仲裁
- 商君書/商君书 (Shāngjūnshū)
- 商品 (shāngpǐn)
- 商品情報/商品情报
- 商品條碼/商品条码
- 商品檢驗/商品检验
- 商圈 (shāngquān)
- 商埠 (shāngbù)
- 商場/商场 (shāngchǎng)
- 商女 (shāngnǚ)
- 商定 (shāngdìng)
- 商家 (shāngjiā)
- 商展
- 商山四皓
- 商店 (shāngdiàn)
- 商情 (shāngqíng)
- 商戰/商战
- 商數/商数 (shāngshù)
- 商旅 (shānglǚ)
- 商旅店
- 商書/商书
- 商會/商会 (shānghuì)
- 商朝 (Shāngcháo)
- 商業/商业 (shāngyè)
- 商業區/商业区 (shāngyèqū)
- 商業影片/商业影片
- 商業設計/商业设计
- 商業銀行/商业银行 (shāngyè yínháng)
- 商榷 (shāngquè)
- 商標/商标 (shāngbiāo)
- 商標法/商标法
- 商檢/商检
- 商歌
- 商法 (shāngfǎ)
- 商洛 (Shāngluò)
- 商洽 (shāngqià)
- 商港 (shānggǎng)
- 商湯/商汤
- 商用 (shāngyòng)
- 商略
- 商秋
- 商科 (shāngkē)
- 商約/商约
- 商紂/商纣
- 商股
- 商船 (shāngchuán)
- 商號/商号 (shānghào)
- 商蚷
- 商行 (shāngháng)
- 商訂/商订
- 商計/商计
- 商討/商讨 (shāngtǎo)
- 商談/商谈 (shāngtán)
- 商調/商调
- 商謎/商谜
- 商議/商议 (shāngyì)
- 商譽/商誉 (shāngyù)
- 商販/商贩 (shāngfàn)
- 商賈/商贾 (shānggǔ)
- 商購/商购
- 商酌 (shāngzhuó)
- 商量
- 商隊/商队 (shāngduì)
- 商頌/商颂
- 商風/商风 (shāngfēng)
- 商飆/商飙
- 國際商展/国际商展
- 在商言商
- 士農工商/士农工商 (shìnónggōngshāng)
- 外商 (wàishāng)
- 大邑商 (Dàyìshāng)
- 奸商 (jiānshāng)
- 婉商
- 官商 (guānshāng)
- 官商勾結/官商勾结 (guānshānggōujié)
- 官商合辦/官商合办
- 官督商辦/官督商办
- 客商 (kèshāng)
- 家商
- 宮商/宫商
- 密商 (mìshāng)
- 富商 (fùshāng)
- 富商大賈/富商大贾 (fùshāngdàgǔ)
- 少商
- 工商業/工商业 (gōngshāngyè)
- 工商社會/工商社会
- 工商階級/工商阶级
- 工商黃頁/工商黄页
- 巨商
- 平價商店/平价商店
- 廠商/厂商 (chǎngshāng)
- 建商
- 引商刻羽
- 從商/从商 (cóngshāng)
- 情商 (qíngshāng)
- 情緒智商/情绪智商
- 情趣商店 (qíngqù shāngdiàn)
- 承包商 (chéngbāoshāng)
- 批發商/批发商 (pīfāshāng)
- 承銷商/承销商
- 招商局
- 招商店
- 教育商數/教育商数
- 智力商數/智力商数
- 智商 (zhìshāng)
- 書商/书商 (shūshāng)
- 會商/会商 (huìshāng)
- 殷商 (Yīnshāng)
- 水商
- 沒商量/没商量
- 洽商 (qiàshāng)
- 洋商陸/洋商陆
- 海商
- 海商法 (hǎishāngfǎ)
- 清商 (qīngshāng)
- 清商樂/清商乐 (qīngshāngyuè)
- 無商不尖/无商不尖
- 熟商量
- 營商/营商 (yíngshāng)
- 片商
- 特約商店/特约商店
- 王商 (Wángshāng)
- 略無參商/略无参商
- 相商 (xiāngshāng)
- 研商 (yánshāng)
- 磋商 (cuōshāng)
- 私商
- 管商
- 籌商/筹商
- 紅頂商人/红顶商人 (hóngdǐng shāngrén)
- 紳商/绅商
- 經商/经商 (jīngshāng)
- 經銷商/经销商 (jīngxiāoshāng)
- 網路商場/网路商场
- 網路商機/网路商机
- 美商 (měishāng)
- 臺商/台商 (táishāng)
- 舶商
- 茶商 (cháshāng)
- 藥商/药商 (yàoshāng)
- 行口商
- 行商 (xíngshāng)
- 補助商業/补助商业
- 製造商/制造商 (zhìzàoshāng)
- 註冊商標/注册商标 (zhùcè shāngbiāo)
- 諮商/谘商 (zīshāng)
- 費商量/费商量
- 貿易商/贸易商
- 賈儒商秀/贾儒商秀
- 巡商
- 通商 (tōngshāng)
- 通商口岸 (tōngshāng kǒu'àn)
- 通商條約/通商条约
- 通商港 (tōngshānggǎng)
- 連鎖商店/连锁商店 (liánsuǒ shāngdiàn)
- 郵購商店/邮购商店
- 金融商品
- 零售商 (língshòushāng)
- 青年商店
- 高商
- 鹽商/盐商 (yánshāng)
References
[edit]- “商”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00600
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]商
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: あきなう (akinau, 商う, Jōyō)←あきなふ (akinafu, 商ふ, historical)
- Nanori: あき (aki)
Compounds
[edit]- 農商 (nōshō): agriculture and commerce
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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商 |
しょう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 商 (syang, “commerce”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
商 |
あき Grade: 3 |
15th century[2] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]- (often in compounds) trade, the exchange of goods for goods, barter
- あきひと ― akihito ― a trader, person who trades
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 商 (MC syang). Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (syang) (Yale: syang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 협상 (協商, hyeopsang)
- 상품 (商品, sangpum)
- 통상 (通商, tongsang)
- 상인 (商人, sang'in)
- 상업 (商業, sang'eop)
- 상점 (商店, sangjeom)
- 상가 (商街, sangga)
- 상호 (商號, sangho)
- 상표 (商標, sangpyo)
- 상선 (商船, sangseon)
- 상법 (商法, sangbeop)
- 행상 (行商, haengsang)
- 상권 (商權, sanggwon)
- 상술 (商術, sangsul)
- 상거래 (商去來, sanggeorae)
- 상공업 (商工業, sanggong'eop)
- 노점상 (露店商, nojeomsang)
- 도매상 (都賣商, domaesang)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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