þú
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
þú
Usage notes
- After verbs the pronoun þú is either:
- separated:
- (separated) munt þú ― are you going to
- (separated) skalt þú ― you shall
- (separated) borðar þú ― do you eat
- (separated) hoppar þú ― do you jump
- (separated) sérð þú ― do you see
- or suffixed and changed into -ðu, -du, -tu or -u:
- (suffixed) muntu ― are you going to
- (suffixed) borðarðu ― do you eat
- (suffixed) viltu ― do you want to
- (suffixed) nennirðu ― could you be bothered to
- separated:
Declension
Icelandic personal pronouns | ||||||
singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | ég, eg, ek† | þú | hann | hún, hon†, hón† | það, þat† | |
accusative | mig, mik† | þig, þik† | hann | hana | það, þat† | |
dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum† | henni | því | |
genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess | |
plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | við | þið, þit† | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau | |
dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim | |
genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |
Synonyms
- (singular you): þér (formal, archaic)
Derived terms
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates: see there.
Pronoun
þú
- (in the singular) you (thou)
- Hávamál 112.
- Ráðum'k þér, Loddfáfnir,
- at þú ráð nemir,
- njóta mundu ef þú nemr,
- þér munu góð ef þú getr:
- Nótt þú rís-at
- nema á njósn sér
- eða þú leitir þér innan út staðar.
- Hávamál 112.
Usage notes
It may become enclitic when after a verb, that is, be appended to the preceding word as either -du, -ðu or -tu depending on the consonant cluster. The rules for this are the same as for the past tense dental suffixes of the class 1 weak verbs. This may happen more often in Old Norse, as the personal pronoun is often used with the singular imperative. This is not to say, however, that whenever þú comes after a verb, it will always take an enclitic form. It could well stay separate for the sake of emphasis. With the clitics, this is how it ends up looking.
Note, as seen in the last two examples, that this does not cause u-umlaut.
Declension
number | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | ek | þú | hann | hon, hón, hǫ́n | þat | |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | hann | hana, hána | þat |
dative | mér | þér | sér | hánum, hónum, hǫ́num | henni | því |
genitive | mín | þín | sín | hans | hennar | þess |
case | dual | |||||
nominative | vit | it, þit | ||||
accusative | okkr | ykkr | sik | |||
dative | okkr | ykkr | sér | |||
genitive | okkar | ykkar | sín | |||
case | plural | plural masculine | plural feminine | plural neuter | ||
nominative | vér | ér, þér | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | oss | yðr | sik | þá | þær | þau |
dative | oss | yðr | sér | þeim | þeim | þeim |
genitive | vár | yðar, yðvar | sín | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra |
Descendants
The enclitic use lives on in modern Icelandic þú. See there for more.
See also
- þinn (possessive pronoun)
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Icelandic terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Icelandic/uː
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic pronouns
- Icelandic personal pronouns
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse pronouns
- Old Norse personal pronouns