باغ

See also: تاغ and باع

Khalaj

Noun

باغ (bâğ) (definite accusative باغؽ, plural باغلر)

1. Arabic spelling of bâğ (“garden”)

Declension

Declension of باغ

	singular	plural
nominative	باغ	باغلار
genitive	باغؽݧ	باغلارؽݧ
dative	باغقا	باغلارقا
definite accusative	باغؽ	باغلارؽ
locative	باغچا	باغلارچا
ablative	باغدا	باغلاردا
instrumental	باغلا	باغلارلا
equative	باغواره	باغلارواره

Ottoman Turkish

باغ

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás

Proto-Iranian *bāgáh

Old Persian *bāgah

Middle Persian bʾg

Classical Persian بَاغ (bāġ)bor.

Ottoman Turkish باغ

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâġ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

Noun

باغ • (bağ)

1. garden, an outdoor area where plants are grown for ornamental purposes

   Synonyms: باغچه (bağçe), جنت (cennet), فردوس (firdevs)

2. orchard, plantation, an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees
3. vineyard, a grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine

Derived terms

• باغ اكمك (bağ ekmek, “to plant a vineyard”)
• باغ بدیع (bağ-ı bediʿ, “paradise”)
• باغ بودامق (bağ budamak, “to prune”)
• باغ بوزمق (bağ bozmak, “to harvest grapes”)
• باغ بوزومی (bağ bozumu, “grape harvest”)
• باغ رفیع (bağ-ı refiʿ, “paradise”)
• باغ فردوس (bağ-ı firdevs, “garden of paradise”)
• باغ چبوغی (bağ çubuğu, “vine”)
• باغبان (bağban, “gardener”)
• باغجی (bağcı, “worker in a vineyard”)
• باغستان (bağistan, “vineyard”)
• باغسز (bağsız, “without a vineyard”)
• باغلق (bağlık, “ground suited for a vineyard”)
• باغلو (bağlı, “containing vineyards”)
• باغچه (bağçe, “garden”)

Related terms

• باغچه (bağçe, “garden”)

Descendants

• Turkish: bağ
• → Laz: ბაღი (baği)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “bağ2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 425
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Paradisus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1240
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 670
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bāg (“tie, rope”); cognate with Azerbaijani bağ, Bashkir бау (baw), Kazakh бау (bau), Kyrgyz боо (boo), Nogai бав (bav), Southern Altai буу (buu) and Yakut баай (baay).

Noun

باغ • (bağ)

1. tie, band, bandage, anything with which a thing is tied or bound

   Synonyms: بند (bend), قید (kayd)

2. bundle, bunch, a group of similar things usually fastened together

Derived terms

• آشی باغی (aşı bağı, “bandage to a graft”)
• آیاق باغی (ayak bağı, “tether for a beast”)
• اكین باغی (ekin bağı, “sheaf of cut corn”)
• باغ چوزمك (bağ çözmek, “to loose a band or tie”)
• باغداش (bağdaş, “the oriental position of sitting at ease”)
• باغسز (bağsız, “without a tie or bond”)
• باغلاتمق (bağlatmak, “to make or let be tied”)
• باغلامق (bağlamak, “to tie, fasten”)
• باغلانمق (bağlanmak, “to be tied”)
• باغلق (bağlık, “a thing fit to be used as a tie”)
• باغلو (bağlı, “furnished with ties”)
• بویون باغی (boyun bağı, “necktie”)
• دیز باغی (diz bağı, “garter”)
• صاچ باغی (saç bağı, “hairband”)
• قاصق باغی (kasık bağı, “truss in hernia”)
• قلج باغی (kılıc bağı, “sword belt”)
• چیچك باغی (çiçek bağı, “bunch of flowers”)
• گوز باغی (göz bağı, “bandage for the eyes”)
• یاره باغی (yara bağı, “surgical bandage”)

Descendants

• Turkish: bağ

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “bağ3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 426
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[6], Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Ligaculum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[8], Vienna, column 949
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, columns 669-670
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

Pashto

Etymology

Modern borrowing from Persian. Replacing the original بڼ (baṇ) in certain areas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑɣ/
• (east-central) IPA^(key): /boɣ/

Noun

باغ • (bāǧ) m

1. garden

Synonyms

• بڼ (baṇ)

References

• Raverty, H. G. (1867), “باغ”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate

Persian

FWOTD – 14 February 2013

باغ

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás

Proto-Iranian *bāgáh

Old Persian *bāgah

Middle Persian bʾg

Persian باغ

Inherited from Middle Persian bʾg, from Old Persian *bāgah, from Proto-Iranian *bāgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- + *-ós.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːɣ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bɔːɣ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bɒːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bɔʁ]

Readings
Classical reading?	bāġ
Dari reading?	bāġ
Iranian reading?	bâġ
Tajik reading?	boġ

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

باغ • (bāġ / bâġ) (plural باغ‌ها (bāġ-hā / bâġ-hâ), or باغات (bāġāt / bâġât), Tajik spelling боғ)

1. garden, orchard, bagh

   Synonym: بوستان (bōstān / bustân)

   • 1207-73, Rumi, “بی‌همگان بسر شود، بی‌تو بسر نمی‌شود”, in Dīwān-i Shams-i Tabrīzī:

     بی‌تو اَگَر بَسَر شُدِی، زیرِ جَهَان زَبَر شُدِی
     بَاغِ اِرَم سَقَر شُدِی، بی‌تو بَسَر نَمی‌شَوَد

     bē-tu agar basar šudī, zēr-i jahān zabar šudī
     bāġ-i iram saqar šudī, bē-tu basar namē-šawad

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     (Classical Persian romanization)

   • 858-941, Rudaki, “عصا بیار که وقت عصا و انبان بود”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     بَسَا شِکَسْتَه بِیَابَان کِه بَاغِ خُرَّم بُود
     وَ بَاغِ خُرَّم گَشْت آن کُجَا بِیَابَان بُود

     basā šikasta biyābān ki bāġ-i xurram būd
     wa bāġ-i xurram gašt ān kujā biyābān būd

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     (Classical Persian Romanization)

Inflection

Basic forms of باغ

	singular	plural
bare	باغ (bâġ)	باغ‌ها، باغا△ (bâġ-hấ, bâġấ△)
definitive direct object	باغ را، باغ رو△ (bâġ râ, bâġo△)	باغ‌ها را، باغا رو△ (bâġ-hấ râ, bâġấ ro△)
ezâfe	باغ (bâġ-e)	باغ‌های، باغای△ (bâġ-hấ-ye, bâġấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	باغی (bâġ-i)	باغ‌هایی، باغایی△ (bâġấn-i, bâġ-hấ-i, bâġấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• باغ وحش (bāġ-i wahš / bâġ-e vahš)
• باغبان (bāġbān / bâġbân)
• باغبانی (bāġbānī / bâġbâni)
• باغچه (bāġča / bâġče)
• چهارباغ (čahārbāġ / čahârbâġ)

Descendants

• → Armenian: բաղ (baġ)
• → Bengali: বাগ (bag)
• → Chagatai: باغ (bāġ)
  • Uyghur: باغ (bagh)
  • Uzbek: bogʻ
• → Crimean Tatar: bağ
• → English: bagh
• → Gilaki: باغ (båğ)
• → Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)
• → Gujarati: બાગ (bāg)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: बाग़ (bāġ)
  • Urdu: باغ (bāġ)
• → Kazakh: бақ (baq), бау (bau)
• → Khalaj: bâğ
• → Kipchak: باغ (bağ)
• → Kyrgyz: бак (bak)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: باغ (bāġ)
  • Azerbaijani: bağ
  • Ottoman Turkish: باغ (bağ)
    • Turkish: bağ
    • → Laz: ბაღი (baği)
• → Middle Mongol: ᠪᠠᠭ (pʾq /⁠baγ⁠/)
  • Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭ (bag)
    • Mongolian: баг (bag)
• → Pashto: باغ (bâǧ)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਗ਼ (bāġ)
  • Shahmukhi script: باغ (bāġ)
• → Sindhi: باغُ (bāġu)
• → Turkmen: bag
• → Sarikoli: bā̊ɣ

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “باغ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “bāɣ”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَاغ (bāġ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [baːɣ], [baːɡ(ʱ)]

Noun

باغُ • (bāġu) m (Devanagari बाग़ु)

1. garden, orchard

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “باغُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society, page 42
• Stack, George (1849), “बागु”, in A dictionary, English and Sindhi, American Mission Press, page 62
• Sindhi Language Authority (2025), “باغ”, in Online Sindhi Dictionaries‎^[11]

Urdu

باغ

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian باغ (bāġ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /bɑːɣ/

• Audio (Pakistan, Punjabic Urdu):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːɣ

Noun

باغ • (bāġ) m (Hindi spelling बाग़)

1. garden
2. orchard; grove
3. land, area

Declension

Declension of باغ

	singular	plural
direct	باغ (bāġ)	باغ (bāġ)
oblique	باغ (bāġ)	باغوں (bāġõ)
vocative	باغ (bāġ)	باغو (bāġo)

Derived terms

• باغِ بَہِشْت (bāġ-e-bahišt, “garden of Paradise”)
• باغِ عَدَن (bāġ-e-adan, “Garden of Eden”)
• باغِ عِشْق (bāġ-e-'iśq, “garden of love”)
• باغْ و بَہار (bāġ-o-bahār, “splendor”, literally “garden and spring”)
• باغْبان (bāġbān, “gardener”)
• باغْچَہ (bāġca, “small garden”)

References

• “باغ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “باغ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “باغ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “باغ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu باغ (bāğ).

Noun

باغ (bāğ)

1. garden
2. orchard

Uyghur

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâġ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”).

Noun

باغ • (bagh) (plural باغلار (baghlar))

1. garden
2. orchard

   ئالمىلىق باغ ― almiliq bagh ― apple orchard