垃圾
Chinese
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (垃圾) | 垃 | 圾 | |
simp. #(垃圾) | 垃 | 圾 | |
alternative forms |
Etymology
From earlier 擸𢶍 (làsà, “to jumble; jumble; litter”). Reduplication derived from a root (*lap or *sap) meaning "untidy, unclean".
Second syllable of the Mainland Mandarin reading lājī is irregular, resulting from the incorrect association of the rare character in its obsolete form 靸 (sǎ) with the usual pronunciation of its phonetic component (及 (jí)).
Cognate with 邋遢 (lāta, “unclean, untidy, unkempt”) (> 邋邋遢遢, 邋裡邋遢/邋里邋遢).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laap6 saap3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lep5 lhep2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lep-sep / let-set
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6la-shi; 8leq-seq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄚ ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: laji
- Wade–Giles: la1-chi1
- Yale: lā-jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhaji
- Palladius: лацзи (laczi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lèsè
- Wade–Giles: lê4-sê4
- Yale: lè-sè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lehseh
- Palladius: лэсэ (lɛsɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: laap6 saap3
- Yale: laahp saap
- Cantonese Pinyin: laap9 saap8
- Guangdong Romanization: lab6 sab3
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːp̚² saːp̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lep5 lhep2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lep̚³² ɬep̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lep-sep / let-set
- Hakka Romanization System: leb` seb` / led` sed`
- Hagfa Pinyim: leb5 seb5 / led5 sed5
- Sinological IPA: /lep̚² sep̚²/, /let̚² set̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note:
- 3la xi - modern;
- 5leq seq - near-obsolete.
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 垃圾
- garbage; rubbish; trash; waste; refuse; junk
- rubbish (a valueless thing)
- junk messages; spam; unsolicited messages
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 垃圾 (“rubbish; garbage”) [map]
Derived terms
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Adjective
(deprecated template usage) 垃圾
Pronunciation 2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lá-sap
- Southern Min
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lá-sap
- Hakka Romanization System: la` sab`
- Hagfa Pinyim: la3 sab5
- Sinological IPA: /la³¹ sap̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
Adjective
(deprecated template usage) 垃圾
- (Southern Min, Hakka) dirty; unhygienic
- (Hakka) haunted
Synonyms
Derived terms
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Further reading
- “Entry #3792”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
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