域

Translingual

Han character

域 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土戈口一 (GIRM), four-corner 4315₀, composition ⿰土或)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 230, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5158
• Dae Jaweon: page 466, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 451, character 2
• Unihan data for U+57DF

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		域

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 域
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
幗	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	*ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Etymology

國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “state”) is the k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “territory”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 國 for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vet
• Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ia̍k / e̍k / hia̍k / he̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wik⁶
    • Yale: wihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vet
    • Hakka Romanization System: ved`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ved⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /vet̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 域
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹³/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y³¹²/
	Xi'an	/y⁴⁴/
	Xining	/y²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/yaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/yʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ȵy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/y²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/y²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/vet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wek̚²/
	Nanning	/wek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/wek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ik̚⁵/ /hik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/y²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hek̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hwik

Rime
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	職 (135)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨逼切
Baxter	hwik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwik̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuək̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷrək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ hwik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷrək/
English	territory
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
No.	5554
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	域
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 域

1. fief
2. territory; district; region; land
3. scope; range

   定義域／定义域  ―  dìngyìyù  ―  domain

   值域  ―  zhíyù  ―  range

4. cemetery
5. residence
6. (mathematics) field
7. (computing) domain
8. (taxonomy) domain

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Japanese

Kanji

域

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. range
2. region
3. limits
4. stage
5. level

Readings

• Go-on: いき (iki, Jōyō)^{←ゐき (wiki, historical)}
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
域
いき Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 域 (MC hwik). Compare modern Cantonese 域 (wik⁶, /wɪk̚²/).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Noun

域(いき) • (iki) ^{←ゐき (wiki)?}

1. region, level

Affix

域(いき) • (iki) ^{←ゐき (wiki)?}

1. range, region, limits, stage, level
2. land, territory

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Korean

Hanja

域 • (yeok) (hangeul 역, revised yeok, McCune–Reischauer yŏk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 域 (vực, bực, vác, vặc, vức)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.