州

See also: 川 and 洲

Translingual

Han character

州 (Kangxi radical 47, 巛+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈中戈中 (ILIL), four-corner 3200₀, composition ⿻⿲丿丶丶川(GJKV) or ⿻⿲丶丶丶川(HT))

Descendants

• ツ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 324, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8678
• Dae Jaweon: page 624, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 46, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5DDE

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Chinese

trad.		州
simp. #		州
alternative forms		𠄓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 州
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (州) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
洲	*tju
州	*tju
喌	*tju, *tjuɡ
酬	*dju
詶	*dju, *djus

Pictogram (象形) – islet in a river.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
• Northern Min (KCR): ciú
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tseu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹tseu
    • MiniDict: tseu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tseu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw

Rime
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Baxter	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tu/
English	islet in stream; province
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
No.	17493
Phonetic component	州
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tju/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 州

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 洲 (zhōu, “islet in a river”).
2. (historical, now still used in place names) zhou (a type of historical political divisions of China, usually translated as prefecture or province)

   揚州／扬州  ―  Yángzhōu  ―  (historical) Yang Province; (modern) Yangzhou

3. Short for 自治州 (zìzhìzhōu).
4. state; canton (of some countries)

See also

• 省份 (shěngfèn), 省 (shěng, “province”)
• 縣／县 (xiàn, “county”)

Descendants

• → Lü: ᦵᦋᦲᧁᧈ (tsoew¹)
• → Manchu: ᠵᡝᠣ (jeo)
• → Mongolian: ᠵᠧᠦ (ǰēü), жүү (žüü)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

州

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. State

Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
• Kun: す (su, 州, Jōyō); しま (shima, 州)

Noun

州(しゅう) • (shū) 

1. state (political entity)

州(す) • (su) 

1. sandbank

Compounds

• 自(じ)治(ち)州(しゅう) (jichishū)
• 道(どう)州(しゅう)制(せい) (dōshūsei)
• 九(きゅう)州(しゅう) (Kyūshū)
• 本(ほん)州(しゅう) (Honshū)

• 欧(おう)州(しゅう) (Ōshū)
• 豪(ごう)州(しゅう) (Gōshū)
• 備(び)州(しゅう) (Bishū)
• 満(まん)州(しゅう) (Manshū)

• 長(ちょう)州(しゅう) (chōshū)
• 奥(おう)州(しゅう) (ōshū)
• 座(ざ)州(す) (zasu)

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Korean

Hanja

州 • (ju) (hangeul 주, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

1. state, province

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 州 (châu, chu)

1. state, province