康

See also: 隶

Translingual

Han character

康 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中水 (ILE), four-corner 0023₂, composition ⿸广隶)

Derived characters

• 𨝎, 𨻷, 㝩, 嫝, 嵻, 慷, 漮, 𠻞, 𡐓, 𡻚, 㱂, 槺, 䆲, 穅, 𤮊, 𥉽, 𥕎, 䗧, 糠, 躿, 𫂞, 𨄗, 𨎍, 鏮, 𩾌, 鱇, 𪏢

See also

• 隶 庚

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9376
• Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 891, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5EB7

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Chinese

trad.		康
simp. #		康

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 康
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 庚 (“threshing tools”) + 米 (“rice”), chaff.

The derivative 糠 (kāng) refers to the original word.

Etymology

The sense "Kham" is a borrowing from Tibetan ཁམས (khams).

The sense "to look, to see" arose from mishearing of 好康 (hǎokāng, “rich; lucky; fortunate”) as 好看 (hǎokàn, “good-looking; worth seeing”) in a line of (deprecated template usage) 《如果早知道男生也會被性侵》.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong¹
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kong¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khng / khong / khang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
    • Yale: kāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hong¹
    • Yale: hōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khng
    • Tâi-lô: khng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qngf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong
    • Tâi-lô: khong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang
    • Tâi-lô: khang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qafng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaŋ³³/

Note:

• khng - vernacular;
• khong/khang - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khang

Rime
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦岡切
Baxter	khang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤaŋ/, /*k-r̥ˤaŋ/, /*r̥ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	康	康	康
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kāng	kāng	tāng
Middle Chinese	‹ khang ›	‹ khang ›	‹ thang ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁaŋ/	/*k-r̥ˁaŋ/	/*r̥ˁaŋ/
English	empty	tranquil; at ease	name of first Shang ruler
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
No.	3981
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	康
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 康

1. peaceful, quiet
2. happy, healthy
3. a surname
   1. (historical) given to people from the Central Asian country of Kangju (康居 or 康國／康国)
4. Kham (a historical region in Tibet)
5. (Internet slang) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 看 (kàn, “to look; to see”).

Compounds

See also

• 安多 (Ānduō)

References

• “Query for 康”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

康

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. peace

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: やすい (yasui, 康い)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

Compounds

• 健康(けんこう) (kenkō): health

Proper noun

康(やすし) • (Yasushi) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

康 (eumhun 편안할 강 (pyeonanhal gang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 건강 (健康, geon'gang)
• 건강보험 (健康保險, geon'gangboheom)
• 강녕 (康寧, gangnyeong)
• 강건 (康健, ganggeon)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 康 (khang, khăng, khương)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.