慘

See also: 惨

Translingual

Han character

慘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 9302₂, composition ⿰忄參)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
• Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6158

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Chinese

trad.		慘
simp.		惨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
篸	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms
參	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum
驂	*sʰluːm
傪	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ
慘	*sʰluːmʔ
黲	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ
謲	*sʰluːms
毿	*sluːm
蔘	*sluːm, *srum
犙	*sluːm, *sru, *srɯu
糝	*sluːmʔ
槮	*sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ
鬖	*sloːm
摻	*sruːm, *sruːmʔ
醦	*sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ
縿	*sroːm
穇	*sroːm
嵾	*sʰrum
磣	*sʰrumʔ
墋	*sʰrumʔ
曑	*srum
瘮	*srumʔ
滲	*srums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎn (can³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caam²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tam²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhám
• Northern Min (KCR): chǎng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan³
    • Yale: tsǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caam²
    • Yale: cháam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
    • Hakka Romanization System: cam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cam³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám
    • Tâi-lô: tshám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zharm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰam⁵²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慘
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰan⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰan¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sʰã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰan⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰan⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰã̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰø³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰan⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰan⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰan²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰam³¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰam³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰaŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰam⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sam²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshomX

Rime
Character	慘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七感切
Baxter	tshomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəmX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəmX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀmX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慘
Reading #	1/1
No.	1084
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慘
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːmʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 慘

1. cruel
2. severe
3. miserable; pitiful; wretched
4. gloomy

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	惨
Kyūjitai	慘

Kanji

慘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惨)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: そん (son)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
• Kun: みじめ (mijime, 慘め); いたむ (itamu, 慘む)

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Korean

Hanja

慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 慘 (thảm, thom, thỏm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.