文化

Chinese

		language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (文化)		文	化
simp. #(文化)		文	化

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 文(ぶん)化(か) (bunka, “culture”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 文化 (wénhuà, “the way of educating by using morality, literature and music”).

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 文化

1. (countable, uncountable) culture (Classifier: 個／个; 種／种)

   文化體系／文化体系  ―  wénhuà tǐxì  ―  cultural system

   文化環境／文化环境  ―  wénhuà huánjìng  ―  cultural context

   中華文化／中华文化  ―  zhōnghuá wénhuà  ―  Chinese culture

   公司文化  ―  gōngsī wénhuà  ―  company culture

   本土文化  ―  běntǔ wénhuà  ―  indigenous culture

   燦爛文化／灿烂文化  ―  cànlàn wénhuà  ―  magnificent culture

   文化負載詞／文化负载词  ―  wénhuà fùzǎicí  ―  culturally loaded term

   開展對外文化交流 [MSC, trad.]
   开展对外文化交流 [MSC, simp.]

   kāizhǎn duìwài wénhuà jiāoliú [Pinyin]

   to conduct cultural exchange with other countries

   不同的國家有不同的文化。 [MSC, trad.]
   不同的国家有不同的文化。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bùtóng de guójiā yǒu bùtóng de wénhuà. [Pinyin]

   Different countries have different cultures.

2. (uncountable) education; literacy
3. (archaeology, countable) culture (assemblage of artifacts)

   龍山文化／龙山文化  ―  Lóngshān wénhuà  ―  the Longshan culture

4. (literary, archaic, uncountable) education through teaching morality, literature and music

Usage notes

Like the term "culture" in English, 文化 (wénhuà) can refer to both culture in the sense of a society's arts or customs, as well the attitudes and behaviours of a particular group of people, as in a "company culture". 文化 (wénhuà) however cannot refer to "culture" in the biological sense; instead the term 培養／培养 (péiyǎng) is used.

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 文化

1. (～里) An urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei, Taiwan
2. (～社區) Wenhua (a residential community of Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
文	化
ぶん Grade: 1	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature and music”)

Pronunciation

• Homophones: 分化, 分科, 分課, 文火, 文科, 文華

Noun

文(ぶん)化(か) • (bunka) ^{←ぶんくわ (bunkwa)?}

1. culture
   • 1928, 岸田國士, 「語られる言葉」の美:

     これは、国語(こくご)の性格(せいかく)に、文化(ぶんか)の伝統(でんとう)、国民性(こくみんせい)の特質(とくしつ)が作用(さよう)するからである。

     Kore wa, kokugo no seikaku ni, bunka no dentō, kokuminsei no tokushitsu ga sayō suru kara de aru.

     The tradition of culture and the traits of the nation function to make the character of the national language.

Derived terms

• 文化圏 (bunkaken): cultural sphere
• 文化祭 (bunkasai): culture festival
• 文化財 (bunkazai): cultural asset
• 文化史 (bunkashi): cultural history
• 文化省 (bunkashō): Ministry of Culture
• 文化人 (bunkajin): person of culture
• 文化的 (bunkateki): cultural
• 文化庁 (bunkachō): Agency for Cultural Affairs
• 文化の日 (bunka no hi): Culture Day Holiday
• 文化的な (bunkateki na): cultural
• 文化遺産 (bunka isan): cultural heritage
• 文化映画 (bunka eiga): cultural film
• 文化勲章 (bunka kunshō): Order of Culture
• 文化交流 (bunka kōryū): cultural exchange
• 文化国家 (bunka kokka): country with a high level of culture
• 文化施設 (bunka shisetsu): cultural facility
• 文化観光省 (bunka-kankōshō): Minister for Culture and Tourism
• 文化功労者 (bunka kōrōsha): person who has made outstanding cultural contributions
• 文化事業部 (bunka jigyōbu): Cultural Affairs Department
• 文化心理学 (bunka shinrigaku): cultural psychology
• 文化人類学 (bunka jinruigaku): cultural anthropology
• 文化大革命 (bunka-daikakumei): Cultural Revolution
• 文化地理学 (bunka chirigaku): cultural geography

• 文化財保護法 (bunkazai-hogohō): Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties
• 文化圏固有動作 (bunkaken koyū dōsa): (computing) locale-specific behavior
• 異文化 (ibunka): foreign culture
• 食文化 (shokubunka): food culture
• 明文化 (meibunka): stipulate
• 多文化主義 (tabunka-shugi): multiculturalism
• 映像文化 (eizō bunka): visual culture
• 漢字文化 (kanji bunka): kanji culture
• 大衆文化 (taishū bunka): mass culture, pop culture
• 伝統文化 (dentō bunka): traditional culture
• 比較文化 (hikaku bunka): comparative culture
• イスラム文化 (isuramu bunka): Islamic culture
• 漢字文化圏 (kanji bunkaken): countries which use Chinese characters
• 重要文化財 (jūyō bunkasai): important cultural property
• 無形文化財 (mukei bunkazai): intangible cultural asset
• 有形文化財 (yūkei bunkazai): tangible cultural properties
• 多元文化論 (tagen-bunkaron): multiculturalism
• 芸術文化の破壊 (geijutsu bunka no hakai): vandalism
• 消費者文化 (shōhisha bunka): consumer culture
• 重要無形文化財 (jūyō mukei bunka): important intangible cultural asset

Descendants

• → Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)
• → Korean: 문화 (munhwa)
• → Vietnamese: văn hoá

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Korean

Hanja in this term
文	化

Noun

文化 • (munhwa) (hangeul 문화)

1. hanja form^? of 문화 (“culture”)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
文	化

Noun

文化

1. chữ Hán form of văn hoá (“culture”).