炭

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See also: 灰

Template:character info/new


炭 U+2F91A, 炭
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A
← 灷
[U+2F919] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𠔥 →
[U+2F91B]

Translingual

Han character

炭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 22289, composition ⿱山灰)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 668, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2195, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+70AD

Chinese

trad. 炭
simp. # 炭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (炭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
炭 *tŋ̊ʰaːns
湠 *tʰaːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns) : semantic 火 + phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tal (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).

Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

(ACG slang) -tan
Borrowed from Japanese たん (tan).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 炭

  1. charcoal
  2. charcoal fire
  3. coal
  4. coal-like substance
  5. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).
  6. (ACG, Internet, slang) -tan

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (炭):
  • → Japanese: 炭(たん) (tan)
  • → Korean: 탄(炭) (tan)
  • → Vietnamese: thán (炭)

Others:

  • → Khmer: ធ្យូង (thyuung)
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  • → Lao: ຖ່ານ (thān)
  • → Thai: ถ่าน (tàan)
  • → Vietnamese: than

Japanese

Kanji

炭

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. a coal or cinder from a fire
  2. charcoal

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
炭
すみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First appears in 762 CE. Cognate with Japanese 墨 (sumi, “India ink”).[1]

In turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Miyako 炭 (sum), Okinawan 炭 (shimi), Yaeyama 炭 (sïn).

Possibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.

Possibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”).

Pronunciation

Noun

炭(すみ) • (sumi) 

  1. a coal or cinder from a fire
    Synonym: (literally “extinguished coal/cinder”) 消し炭 (keshizumi)
  2. charcoal
    Synonyms: (literally “wood charcoal”) 木炭 (mokutan), (rare reading) 木炭 (kizumi), (very rare as standalone noun; see below) 炭 (tan)
  3. (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
    Synonyms: (literally “stone charcoal”) 石炭 (sekitan), (rare reading) 石炭 (ishizumi), (very rare as standalone noun; see below) 炭 (tan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
炭
たん
Grade: 3

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH).

Pronunciation

Noun

炭(たん) • (tan) 

  1. (rare) charcoal
    Synonyms: (more common; see above) 炭 (sumi), (literally “wood charcoal”) 木炭 (mokutan), (rare reading) 木炭 (kizumi)
  2. (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
    Synonyms: (literally “stone charcoal”) 石炭 (sekitan), (rare reading) 石炭 (ishizumi)
Usage notes

This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.

Proper noun

炭(たん) • (Tan) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

Korean

Hanja

炭 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)

  1. charcoal
  2. coal
  3. carbon

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 炭 (thán, than, tro)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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