緊張

See also: 紧张

Chinese

		tight; nervous; strict	(a measure word); surname; open up
trad. (緊張)		緊	張
simp. (紧张)		紧	张

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 緊張(きんちょう) (kinchō).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐnzhāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan² zoeng¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín-chông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kín-tiuⁿ / kín-tiang / kán-chiong / kín-chiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ging² ziang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐnzhāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐnjhang
    • Wade–Giles: chin³-chang¹
    • Yale: jǐn-jāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinjang
    • Palladius: цзиньчжан (czinʹčžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gan² zoeng¹
    • Yale: gán jēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan² dzoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen² zêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chông
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˋ zong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin³ zong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kín-tiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kyndviw
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiang
    • Tâi-lô: kín-tiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kyndiafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-chiong
    • Tâi-lô: kán-tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafnciofng
    • IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-chiong
    • Tâi-lô: kín-tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kynciofng
    • IPA (Penang): /kin⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ging² ziang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kíng tsiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³³/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 緊張

1. tense; worried; stressed; nervous; anxious

   我有什麼好緊張的呀？ [MSC, trad.]
   我有什么好紧张的呀？ [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ yǒu shénme hǎo jǐnzhāng de ya? [Pinyin]

   What have I got to be worried about?

2. tense (of a muscle, rope, etc.); taut
3. intense; acute; fierce; pressing
4. in short supply; scarce
5. fast-paced

Synonyms

• (worried):

(deprecated template usage)

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• 不安 (bù'ān)
• 心急 (xīnjí)
• 擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
• 灼熱／灼热 (zhuórè)
• 焦切 (jiāoqiè) (literary)
• 焦急 (jiāojí)
• 焦慮／焦虑 (jiāolǜ)
• 焦灼 (jiāozhuó) (literary)
• 著急／着急 (zháojí)

 

• (pressing):

(deprecated template usage)

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• 亟亟 (jíjí) (literary)
• 促迫 (cùpò)
• 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng) (literary)
• 切切 (qièqiè) (literary)
• 加急 (jiājí) (attributive, of a telegram, test, etc.)
• 卒暴 (cùbào) (literary)
• 危迫 (wēipò) (literary)
• 吃緊／吃紧 (chījǐn)
• 孔亟 (kǒngjí)
• 孔急 (kǒngjí)
• 急 (jí)
• 急促 (jícù)
• 急切 (jíqiè)
• 急急 (jíjí) (literary)
• 急要 (jíyào) (literary)
• 急迫 (jípò)
• 打緊／打紧 (dǎjǐn)
• 火急 (huǒjí)
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
• 緊促／紧促 (jǐncù)
• 緊急／紧急 (jǐnjí)
• 緊要／紧要 (jǐnyào)
• 緊迫／紧迫 (jǐnpò)
• 緊逼逼／紧逼逼 (Hokkien)
• 要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
• 迫切 (pòqiè)
• 遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
• 險急／险急 (xiǎnjí)

 

Antonyms

• (tense): 輕鬆／轻松 (qīngsōng)
• (tense; taut): 鬆弛／松弛 (sōngchí)

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 緊張

1. nerves; nervousness (Classifier: 陣／阵)
2. tension (especially in international relations)

   擴大緊張形勢／扩大紧张形势  ―  kuòdà jǐnzhāng xíngshì  ―  to escalate tensions

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
緊	張
きん Grade: S	ちょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Noun

緊(きん)張(ちょう) • (kinchō) 

1. physical tension, strain
2. mental strain, nervousness
3. tension in a relationship
4. the contracted state of a muscle

Derived terms

• 緊張緩和(きんちょうかんわ) (kinchō kanwa, “détente”)

Verb

緊(きん)張(ちょう)する • (kinchō suru) intransitive suru (stem 緊(きん)張(ちょう)し (kinchō shi), past 緊(きん)張(ちょう)した (kinchō shita))

1. be physically tense
2. be mentally tense, be nervous
3. for a relationship to suffer tension
4. for a muscle to contract

Conjugation

Conjugation of "緊張する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	緊張すれ	きんちょうすれ	kinchō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	緊張せよ¹ 緊張しろ²	きんちょうせよ¹ きんちょうしろ²	kinchō seyo¹ kinchō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	緊張される	きんちょうされる	kinchō sareru
Causative	緊張させる 緊張さす	きんちょうさせる きんちょうさす	kinchō saseru kinchō sasu
Potential	緊張できる	きんちょうできる	kinchō dekiru
Volitional	緊張しよう	きんちょうしよう	kinchō shiyō
Negative	緊張しない	きんちょうしない	kinchō shinai
Negative continuative	緊張せず	きんちょうせず	kinchō sezu
Formal	緊張します	きんちょうします	kinchō shimasu
Perfective	緊張した	きんちょうした	kinchō shita
Conjunctive	緊張して	きんちょうして	kinchō shite
Hypothetical conditional	緊張すれば	きんちょうすれば	kinchō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
緊	張

Noun

緊張 • (ginjang) (hangeul 긴장)

1. hanja form^? of 긴장

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
緊	張

Adjective

緊張

1. chữ Hán form of khẩn trương (“urgent”).